Diphtheria : causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, prevention and complications

Diphtheria is a serious bacterial infection that is caused by the bacterium Corynebacterium diphtheriae. This disease is rare, but it can cause life-threatening complications if not treated immediately. In this article, we will provide an overview of diphtheria, its definition, classification, causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and complications.

Feb 20, 2023 - 22:53
Feb 21, 2023 - 06:56
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Diphtheria : causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, prevention and complications

Writes : khalipha Justice / Reviewed : Aminu salisu Auwal buk PH.D

 Overview

Diphtheria is a contagious disease that affects the upper respiratory tract and sometimes the skin. The bacteria that cause diphtheria produce a toxin that can damage the heart, nerves, and kidneys. Diphtheria is a serious condition that can be fatal if left untreated.

Definition

Diphtheria is an acute bacterial infection caused by the bacteria Corynebacterium diphtheriae. This bacterium can cause severe damage to the body, including the heart, nerves, and kidneys.

Classification

Diphtheria can be classified into two types: respiratory diphtheria and cutaneous diphtheria. Respiratory diphtheria affects the nose and throat, while cutaneous diphtheria affects the skin.

Causes

Diphtheria is caused by the bacterium Corynebacterium diphtheriae. This bacterium produces a toxin that can cause severe damage to the body, including the heart, nerves, and kidneys.

Causative Agent

The causative agent for diphtheria is the bacterium Corynebacterium diphtheriae. This bacterium produces a toxin that can cause severe damage to the body.

Mode of Transmission

Diphtheria is spread through the air by coughing or sneezing. It can also be spread by coming into contact with the fluids from an infected person's nose, throat, or skin.

Incubation Period

The incubation period for diphtheria is usually 2-5 days, but it can range from 1 to 10 days.

Signs and Symptoms

The signs and symptoms of diphtheria can vary depending on the type of diphtheria. Respiratory diphtheria can cause a sore throat, fever, and swollen lymph nodes. The toxin produced by the bacteria can cause a thick gray membrane to form in the nose and throat, making it difficult to breathe. Cutaneous diphtheria can cause red, swollen, and itchy skin that can turn into an open sore.

Diagnosis and Test

Diagnosis of diphtheria is usually made by a throat culture or a skin culture. A blood test may also be done to check for the presence of antibodies to the bacteria.

Management and Treatment

Treatment for diphtheria includes the use of antibiotics and antitoxin. Patients with respiratory diphtheria may need to be hospitalized and placed on a ventilator to help them breathe. It is important to start treatment as soon as possible to prevent serious complications.

Risk Factors

The risk factors for diphtheria include being in close contact with an infected person, not being vaccinated against diphtheria, and traveling to areas where diphtheria is common.

Prevention and Control

Prevention of diphtheria includes vaccination, good hygiene, and avoiding contact with infected people. The diphtheria vaccine is part of the routine childhood vaccination schedule.

Complications

Complications of diphtheria can include heart damage, nerve damage, kidney damage, and respiratory failure. In severe cases, diphtheria can be fatal.

Conclusion

Diphtheria is a serious bacterial infection that can cause severe damage to the body. It is important to seek medical attention as soon as possible if you suspect you or someone you know may have diphtheria. Prevention through vaccination and good hygiene practices is essential to control the spread of this disease.

Speaking to a Doctor About Diphtheria

If you or someone you know has symptoms of diphtheria, it is important to speak with a healthcare provider immediately. Your doctor can perform tests to diagnose the infection and recommend appropriate treatment. If you have not been vaccinated against diphtheria, your doctor may also recommend getting vaccinated to prevent future infections.

References

  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Diphtheria. Accessed January 22, 2023. https://www.cdc.gov/diphtheria/index.html
  • World Health Organization. Diphtheria Accessed January 22, 2023. https://www.who.int/immunization/diseases/diphtheria/en/
  • Mayo Clinic. Diphtheria. Accessed January 22, 2023. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/diphtheria/symptoms-causes/syc-20351887
  • American Academy of Pediatrics. Diphtheria. In: Kimberlin DW, Brady MT, Jackson MA, Long SS, eds. Red Book: 2018 Report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases. American Academy of Pediatrics; 2018:380-386.
  • World Health Organization. Diphtheria vaccines: WHO position paper, August 2017. Weekly Epidemiological Record. 2017;92(34):417-436.
DR. RABIU RABIU I'm DR. RABIU RABIU, a dedicated and passionate healthcare professional with a strong background in community health. As a licensed practitioner and registered with the Community Health Practitioners Board of Nigeria, my mission is to promote wellness and provide quality care to individuals and communities.