The Federal Civil Service Commission (FCSC) invites suitably qualified candidates to apply for its ongoing recruitment exercise. Interested applicants should carefully review the requirements and submit their applications online.  

 Application Requirements  

Applicants must provide the following details and documents:  

 Personal Information  

- Position Applied for  

- Password  

- First Name  

- Last Name  

- Email Address  

- Phone Number  

- Gender (Male/Female)  

- Date of Birth  

- Birth Certificate / Declaration of Age  

- State of Origin  

- Local Government Area (LGA) of Origin  

- Local Government Indigene Certificate  

- Recent Passport Photograph  

- Updated CV/Resume  

 Educational Qualifications  

- Name of Tertiary Institution  

- Year of Graduation  

- Certificate Type (BSc/HND/NCE)  

- Class of Certificate (First Class, Second Class, Third Class, Pass, Distinction, Upper Credit, Lower Credit)  

- Course of Study  

- Primary School Leaving Certificate  

- Secondary School Certificate  

- Degree/NCE/HND Certificate  

- NYSC Discharge/Exemption/Exclusion Certificate  

 How to Apply  

Interested and qualified candidates should submit their applications via the official recruitment portal:  

Apply on the FCSC Website: https://recruitment.fedcivilservice.gov.ng

 Important Notes  

- Ensure all required documents are scanned and uploaded correctly.  

- Provide accurate information to avoid disqualification.  

- Only shortlisted candidates will be contacted for further screening.  

Deadline: Applicants are advised to apply early before the closing date.  

For more details, visit the official Federal Civil Service Commission (FCSC) website.

Hukumar Kula da Aikin 'Yan Sanda ta Kasa (POLICE SERVICE COMMISSION) karkashin jagorancin DIG Hashimu Argungu (mai ritaya), tare da hadin gwiwar Rundunar 'Yan Sandan Najeriya karkashin jagorancin IGP Kayode, za su dauki sabbin kuratan 'yan sanda.  

Kamar yadda sanarwa ta zo, wannan karon babu batun cike takardun neman shiga aikin 'yan sanda saboda karancin lokaci. Za a dauki sabbin 'yan sanda ne daga cikin wadanda suka taba neman shiga aikin har suka rubuta jarabawar Computer-Based Test (CBT) a ranar 5 da 6 ga watan Maris, shekarar 2024, amma ba su samu nasarar samun aikin ba.  

A yanzu, ana bukatar su shiga cikin wannan gidan yanar gizo da za a bude zuwa nan da karfe 12:00 na ranar yau: https://apply.policerecruitment.gov.ng

Duk wanda ya ga sunansa sai ya buga (print) invitation slip domin halartar gwajin lafiya (medical screening) a asibitocin 'yan sanda (Police Hospitals) da ke hedikwatar runduna (Zonal Headquarters) guda 17 a fadin tarayyar Najeriya.  

Za a fara medical screening daga ranar 26-02-2025 sannan a kammala zuwa ranar 12-03-2025. Duk wanda bai samu damar zuwa ba, to ba zai samu damar shiga aikin ba.  

Ku taimaka wajen isar da wannan sako domin ya isa ga 'yan uwa, musamman mazauna yankunan karkara.  

Allah Ya ba wa mai rabo sa’a.

Kamfanin jirgin sama na Arik Air yana neman direbobin mota. Ana bukatar wanda ya mallaki SSCE/GCE, yana da ƙwarewar tuki na aƙalla shekaru 5, kuma yana da cikakken sanin hanyoyin Najeriya. Aikin ya haɗa da tuki da kula da motocin kamfani, da tabbatar da tsaron fasinjoji da kayayyakin da ake ɗauka.  

Ana bukatar direban da yake da lasisin tuki na ƙasa, yana da kyakkyawar mu’amala, kuma zai iya aiki tare da ƙungiya.  

Duk wanda yake da sha’awa zai iya aika cikakken CV zuwa aviationhr@arikair.com tare da amfani da "Driver" a matsayin taken imel.  

Kada ku bari wannan dama ta wuce ku!

The Barau Initiative for Agricultural Revolution in Northwest, Nigeria (BIARN), in collaboration with the Bank of Agriculture under the Sen. Barau Jibrin Foundation, is offering young and middle-aged farmers the opportunity to apply for agricultural grants of up to ₦5 million. This initiative will support 558 farmers across Jigawa, Kaduna, Kano, Katsina, Kebbi, Sokoto, and Zamfara states by providing financial assistance, guidance, and mentorship at every stage of their farming activities.  

Eligibility Criteria  

To qualify for this grant, applicants must meet the following requirements:  

1. Must be a Nigerian citizen from one of the eligible states mentioned above.  

2. Must be at least 20 years old.  

3. Must own a farmland between 1 to 5 hectares.  

4. Must have completed NYSC with a discharge certificate.  

Required Documents  

Applicants must submit the following documents:  

1. Curriculum Vitae (CV)  

2. Birth Certificate or Sworn Affidavit of Age Declaration  

3. Educational Certificates  

4. NYSC Discharge or Exemption Certificate  

5. Local Government Indigene Certificate  

6. National Identity Card (NIN)  

7. A signed Commitment Letter from the applicant  

How to Apply  

To apply for this opportunity, visit the official application portal at:  

Apply Here: https://biarn.com.ng/register 

Interested applicants should apply as soon as possible to take advantage of this opportunity!

SAO Group, daya daga cikin manyan kamfanonin zuba jari da bada shawara a Afrika, yana ba da damar aiki ga ƙwararrun mutane. Kamfaninmu yana da niyyar kawo ci gaba mai dorewa da bunkasa tattalin arziki ta hanyar aiwatar da manyan ayyuka masu tasiri.

Ana gayyatar duk masu sha’awar waɗannan guraben aiki da su cike takardun neman aiki ta hanyar danna hanyoyin da ke ƙasa:

1. Head of Accounts/Accountant/Financial Controller  

   - Latsa nan domin cikewa: https://www.myjobmag.com/apply-now/886915

2. Head of Renewable Energy  

   - Latsa nan domin cikewa: https://www.myjobmag.com/apply-now/886916

3. Head of Agriculture/Agriculture Director  

   - Latsa nan domin cikewa: https://www.myjobmag.com/apply-now/886916

4. Fleet Manager  

   - Latsa nan domin cikewa: https://www.myjobmag.com/apply-now/886923

5. Rubber Plantation Expert  

   - Latsa nan domin cikewa: https://www.myjobmag.com/apply-now/886925

6. Plantation Manager  

   - Latsa nan domin cikewa: https://www.myjobmag.com/apply-now/886927

7. Chief of Staff  

   - Latsa nan domin cikewa: https://www.myjobmag.com/apply-now/886929

8. Chief Operations Officer (COO)  

   - Latsa nan domin cikewa: https://www.myjobmag.com/apply-now/886931

9. Agri-Business Associate  

   - Latsa nan domin cikewa: https://www.myjobmag.com/apply-now/886932

10. Farm Manager  

    - Latsa nan domin cikewa: https://www.myjobmag.com/apply-now/886951

11. Graphics Designer  

    - Latsa nan domin cikewa: https://www.myjobmag.com/apply-now/886969

12. GIS Expert  

    - Latsa nan domin cikewa: https://www.myjobmag.com/apply-now/886977

13. Chief Financial Officer (CFO)  

    - Latsa nan domin cikewa: https://www.myjobmag.com/apply-now/886985

14. Head, Business Development  

    - Latsa nan domin cikewa: https://www.myjobmag.com/apply-now/886994

15. VP Corporate Finance  

    - Latsa nan domin cikewa: https://www.myjobmag.com/apply-now/886995

16. Senior Human Resources Manager  

    - Latsa nan domin cikewa: https://www.myjobmag.com/apply-now/887021

The Federal Civil Service Commission (FCSC) invites suitably qualified candidates to apply for its ongoing 2025 recruitment exercise. Interested applicants should carefully review the requirements and submit their applications online.  

 Application Requirements  

 1. Personal Information  

Applicants must provide the following details:  

- Position Applied for  

- Password  

- First Name  

- Last Name  

- Email Address  

- Phone Number  

- Gender (Male/Female)  

- Date of Birth  

- Birth Certificate / Declaration of Age  

- State of Origin  

- Local Government Area (LGA) of Origin  

- Local Government Indigene Certificate  

- Recent Passport Photograph  

- Updated CV/Resume  

 2. Educational Qualifications  

Applicants must submit details of their educational background, including:  

- Name of Tertiary Institution  

- Year of Graduation  

- Certificate Type (BSc/HND/NCE)  

- Class of Certificate (First Class, Second Class, Third Class, Pass, Distinction, Upper Credit, Lower Credit)  

- Course of Study  

- Primary School Leaving Certificate  

- Secondary School Certificate  

- Degree/NCE/HND Certificate  

- NYSC Discharge/Exemption/Exclusion Certificate  

 How to Apply  

Interested and qualified candidates should submit their applications via the official recruitment portal: https://recruitment.fedcivilservice.gov.ng

 Important Notes  

- Ensure all required documents are scanned and uploaded correctly.  

- Provide accurate information to avoid disqualification.  

- Only shortlisted candidates will be contacted for further screening.  

 Deadline:  

Applicants are advised to apply early before the closing date.  

For more details, visit the official Federal Civil Service Commission (FCSC) website.

Kungiyar Barau Initiative for Agricultural Revolution in Northwest, Nigeria (BIARN) tare da hadin gwiwar Bank of Agriculture, karkashin Sen. Barau Jibrin Foundation, suna bayar da dama ga matasa da manoma masu matsakaicin shekaru su nemi tallafin har zuwa Naira miliyan 5. Wannan shiri yana tallafawa manoma 558 da ke jihohin Jigawa, Kaduna, Kano, Katsina, Kebbi, Sokoto, da Zamfara ta hanyar samar da kuɗi, shawarwari, da jagoranci a kowanne mataki.  

 Sharuɗɗan Nema  

Domin samun wannan tallafi, dole ne mai nema ya cika waɗannan sharuɗɗa:  

???? Ya kasance ɗan Najeriya daga ɗaya daga cikin jihohin da aka ambata.  

???? Ya kai aƙalla shekaru 20 da haihuwa.  

???? Ya mallaki fili na noma mai girman hekta 1 zuwa 5.  

???? Ya kammala hidimar NYSC tare da shaidar sallama.  

 Takardun da ake Bukata  

Masu nema za su aika da waɗannan takardu:  

???? CV (Tarihin Aiki da Karatu)  

???? Takardar Haihuwa ko Rantsuwar Haihuwa  

???? Takardun Karatu  

???? Shaidar Kammala ko Watsi da NYSC  

???? Takardar Shaida ta Indigene na Ƙaramar Hukuma  

???? Katin Shaida na Kasa (National ID)  

???? Takardar Alkawari da hannu mai nema  

Yadda Zaku Cike 

Domin cike wannan damar latsa shafin yanar gizo gizo dake a kasa 

Latsa: https://biarn.com.ng/register

Hukumar Kula da Ilimin Fasaha da Sana’o’i (NBTE) tare da Ma’aikatar Ilimi ta Tarayya tana kira ga Cibiyoyin Horas da Sana’o’i (STCs), Makarantun Sana’a (VEIs), da Masana Sana’a (MCPs) da su yi rajista don tantancewa. Wannan shiri na TVET zai bai wa ’yan Najeriya damar samun ƙwarewar sana’a mai amfani.  

 Bukatu Don Rajista:  

1. Makarantun Sana’a (VEIs)  

   - Dole ne su kasance da rajistar CAC.  

   - Su bi tsarin karatu na NSQ.  

   - Aƙalla malami guda daya ga ɗalibai 40.  

   - Su mallaki QAA da IQAM ko su ɗauki ma’aikata na wucin gadi.  

2. Cibiyoyin Horas da Sana’a (STCs)  

   - Su kasance da rajistar CAC.  

   - Malami mai ƙwarewa ko wanda ke da NSQ Level 3.  

   - Su mallaki QAA da IQAM.  

3. Masana Sana’a (MCPs)  

   - Su kasance da rajistar CAC ko NIN.  

   - Su bi tsarin NSQ.  

   - Su mallaki malami ko masanin sana’a mai NSQ Level 3.  

   - Su kasance da dakin koyarwa da bayanan horo na baya.  

Masu sha’awar rajista su yi amfani da wannan adireshi:  

???? www.digitalnbte.nbte.gov.ng/TVET/TVETApplication2

Yi rajista yanzu don samun tallafin gwamnati!

The National Board for Technical Education (NBTE), in collaboration with the Federal Ministry of Education, has opened the registration portal for the accreditation of Skill Training Centres (STCs), Vocational Enterprise Institutions (VEIs), and Mastercraft Persons (MCPs). This initiative is part of the nationwide Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) Program aimed at equipping Nigerians with industry-relevant skills.  

 Eligibility and Requirements:  

1. Vocational Enterprise Institutions (VEIs)  

   - Must be registered with the Corporate Affairs Commission (CAC).  

   - Must adopt National Skills Qualification (NSQ)-Based Curricula.  

   - Require at least one qualified instructor per trade (1:40 instructor-to-student ratio).  

   - Must have a Quality Assurance Assessor (QAA) and an Internal Quality Assurance Manager (IQAM), or engage part-time personnel if unavailable.  

2. Skill Training Centres (STCs)  

   - Must be CAC-registered and implement NSQ-Based Curricula.  

   - Each program requires a qualified instructor or an experienced senior artisan with at least NSQ Level 3 certification.  

   - Must have at least one QAA and one certified IQAM or engage part-time personnel if necessary.  

3. Mastercraft Persons (MCPs)  

   - Must possess either a CAC registration or a National Identification Number (NIN).  

   - Must adopt NSQ-Based Curricula.  

   - Must have at least one qualified instructor or experienced artisan with NSQ Level 3 certification.  

   - Training environment must include workshops, restrooms, and records of past training programs and certifications awarded.  

Accredited institutions and individuals will be eligible for government funding to train candidates under the TVET Program.  

 How to Apply  

Interested applicants should submit their registration via the NBTE Digital Portal: www.digitalnbte.nbte.gov.ng/TVET/TVETApplication2

For further inquiries, applicants are encouraged to visit the official NBTE website or contact the board directly.  

Don't miss this opportunity to contribute to skill development in Nigeria! Apply now.

Gwamnatin Tarayya, tare da haɗin gwiwar Hukumar Industrial Training Fund (ITF), ta kaddamar da shirin horar da matasan Najeriya a fannoni daban-daban na sana’o’in hannu domin ƙarfafa dogaro da kai. Shirin ya kasu gida uku:

1. Ƙwararrun Masana (Skilled Artisan) – Wadanda ke da ƙwarewa a wata sana’a kuma suke son shiga shirin.
2. Masu Sha’awar Koyo (Intending Artisan) – Wadanda ke son koyon sabuwar sana’a.
3. Cibiyoyin Horaswa (Training Center) – Masu bada horo a fannin sana’o’in hannu.

Bayan kammala shirin, mahalarta za su sami takardar shaidar kammalawa tare da tallafin fara kasuwanci domin su ci gaba da aikin da suka koya.  

Sana’o’in da za a koyar sun haɗa da:  

- Gina da Gine-gine (Building and Construction)  

- Gudanar da Masauki da Otal (Hospitality Management)  

- Harkar Wutar Lantarki (Power)  

- Fata da Kayan Fata (Leather Works)  

- Noma da Harkokin Noma (Agric/Agro Allied)  

- Zanen Kaya da Dinki (Fashion Design)  

- Fannin Kwamfuta da Sadarwa (ICT)  

- Sana’o’in Hannu da Fasaha (Arts and Crafts)  

- Gyaran Kayan Amfani (Appliance Service Technician)  

- Kawata Ciki da Tsara Gida (Interior Design)  

- Gyaran Motoci (Vehicle Auto Services)  

- Kula da Fata da Kyau (Cosmetology)  

- Gudanar da Muhalli da Tsare-tsare (Facility Management and Planning)  

Yadda Za Ku Cike  

Domin cike wannan dama, ku latsa shafin yanar gizo a ƙasa:  

Latsa nan ➝ https://supa.itf.gov.ng

Allah Ya sa mu dace, baki ɗaya!

Ana kira ga matasan ‘yan kasuwa da kananan da matsakaitan masana’antu (MSMEs) da su shiga shirin Youthrive na Access Bank, wanda aka tsara domin karfafa gwiwa, bunkasa kasuwanci, da habaka basira. Wannan dama ce ta musamman don samun horo, tallafi na kudi, da kuma damar fitar kasuwanci zuwa ƙasashen waje.  

 Abubuwan da za ku amfana da su  

1. Ƙarfafa basira da horo – Samu koyarwa kan dabarun kasuwanci, kirkire-kirkire, da fuskantar kalubale.  

2. Shirin musayar kasuwanci – Manya-manyan ‘yan kasuwa za su sami tallafin tafiya zuwa Netherlands, China ko India don samun gogewa daga ƙasashen waje.  

3. Tallafin kudi – Bayan kammala shirin, za a ba da damar samun rancen kudi har Naira biliyan 50 da kuma kyautar tallafi ga wadanda suka fi kokari.  

4. Damar samun aiki – Wadanda suka halarci shirin za su sami dama ta samun aiki musamman a bangaren fasaha.  

 Karin fa’ida  

- Jagorar masana a harkar kasuwanci.  

- Rajistar kamfani ta CAC.  

- Taimako wajen samun rijista da takardun SON da NAFDAC.  

- Tallafi ga wadanda ke son fitar da kayayyakinsu kasashen waje.  

Yadda Zaku Cike 

Domin cike wannan damar latsa shafin yanar gizo gizo dake a kasa: https://youthrive.accessbankplc.com/

Assalamu Alaikum Matasa! Kuna da burin samun jari, rance, da horo kan kasuwanci? To, wannan dama ce ta musamman daga Gwamnatin Tarayya ta hanyar Youth Economic Intervention & De-radicalization Program (YEIDEP).  

Wannan shiri an tsara shi ne don rage rashin aikin yi, bunkasa sana’o’in matasa, da samar da wata hanya mai dorewa ta dogaro da kai. Za ku samu horo kan kasuwanci, shawara daga kwararru, da kuma tallafin kuɗi don inganta rayuwarku.  

Idan kuna da sha’awa, kada ku yi kasa a guiwa! Ku garzaya ku cike fom din neman shiga shirin nan ta hanyar danna nan.  

Yadda Zaku Cike 

Domin cike wannan tallafin latsa shafin yanar gizo gizo dake a kasa 

https://yeidep.org/index

Shafin cikewa kai tsaye: https://yeidep.org/registration.php

Kar ku bari wannan dama ta wuce ku! Raba wannan bayani domin matasa su amfana!

eHealth Africa (eHA) na daya daga cikin manyan fasahohin kula da inganta tsarin kiwon lafiyar al'ummomi a yankin Afirka. Fasahar ta eHealth Africa (eHA) ta himmatu wajen tabbatar da sarrafa bayanai da inganta shawara, wato "decision-making," a cikin al'umma.

A yanzu haka, fasahar ta eHealth Africa (eHA) ta bude shafin daukar ma'aikata a bangarori daban-daban da suka hada da:

1. Chief Accountant  

   - Latsa nan domin cikewa: https://ehealthafrica.bamboohr.com/careers/537

2. Coordinator, Project Accountant  

   - Latsa nan domin cikewa: https://ehealthafrica.bamboohr.com/careers/536

3. Talent & Performance Manager  

   - Latsa nan domin cikewa: https://ehealthafrica.bamboohr.com/careers/539

4. Building Engineer/Construction Specialist  

   - Latsa nan domin cikewa: https://ehealthafrica.bamboohr.com/careers/535

5. Associate Manager, Data/GIS Analyst  

   - Latsa nan domin cikewa: https://ehealthafrica.bamboohr.com/careers/528

6. Senior Associate, GIS Data Analytics (Consultant)  

   - Latsa nan domin cikewa: https://ehealthafrica.bamboohr.com/careers/463

7. Senior Coordinator Data Analyst  

   - Latsa nan domin cikewa: https://ehealthafrica.bamboohr.com/careers/544

8. Community Feedback, Outreach and Engagement Assistant  

   - Latsa nan domin cikewa: https://ehealthafrica.bamboohr.com/careers/543

9. Field Monitors  

   - Latsa nan domin cikewa: https://ehealthafrica.bamboohr.com/careers/540

10. Manager, Disease Prevention and Monitoring  

   - Latsa nan domin cikewa: https://ehealthafrica.bamboohr.com/careers/503

11. Manager, Public Health Epidemiology  

   - Latsa nan domin cikewa: https://ehealthafrica.bamboohr.com/careers/519

12. Protection, AAP and AAP Officers  

   - Latsa nan domin cikewa: https://ehealthafrica.bamboohr.com/careers/542

13. State (Field) Coordinator  

   - Latsa nan domin cikewa: https://ehealthafrica.bamboohr.com/careers/542

14. Lead Engineer - Front-end and Back-end  

   - Latsa nan domin cikewa: https://ehealthafrica.bamboohr.com/careers/541

15. Senior Data Engineer  

   - Latsa nan domin cikewa: https://ehealthafrica.bamboohr.com/careers/534

16. Senior Mobile Engineer (Android and iOS)  

   - Latsa nan domin cikewa: https://ehealthafrica.bamboohr.com/careers/532

17. Research Scientist  

   - Latsa nan domin cikewa: https://ehealthafrica.bamboohr.com/careers/533 or https://ehealthafrica.bamboohr.com/careers/538

Hukumar Kula da Ayyukan Gwamnati ta Tarayya (FCSC) tana gayyatar duk masu sha’awar neman aiki da suka cika sharuddan da suka dace su cika aikace-aikacensu ta yanar gizo. Masu sha’awa su karanta cikakkun bayanai da bukatun da ake buƙata kafin su gabatar da aikace-aikacensu.  

 Bukatun Aikace-aikace  

Personal Information  

- Position Applied for  

- Password  

- First Name  

- Last Name  

- Email Address  

- Phone Number  

- Gender (Male/Female)  

- Date of Birth  

- Birth Certificate / Declaration of Age  

- State of Origin  

- Local Government Area (LGA) of Origin  

- Local Government Indigene Certificate  

- Recent Passport Photograph  

- Updated CV/Resume  

 Educational Qualifications  

- Name of Tertiary Institution  

- Year of Graduation  

- Certificate Type (BSc/HND/NCE)  

- Class of Certificate (First Class, Second Class, Third Class, Pass, Distinction, Upper Credit, Lower Credit)  

- Course of Study  

- Primary School Leaving Certificate  

- Secondary School Certificate  

- Degree/NCE/HND Certificate  

- NYSC Discharge/Exemption/Exclusion Certificate  

 Yadda Ake Nema  

Masu sha’awa kuma suka cancanta su cike aikace-aikacensu ta shafin yanar gizo na hukuma:  

Shiga domin Aiwatar da Aikace-aikace: https://recruitment.fedcivilservice.gov.ng

Kamfanin Shell Petroleum Development Company yana gayyatar sabbin ƙwararrun matasa don neman gurbin aiki a cikin Shirin Shell Graduate Programme 2025. Wannan dama ce ta musamman ga matasan da ke sha’awar ci gaba da aiki a kamfani mai tasiri a fannin makamashi da cigaban fasaha.  

 Rukunan Aikin da Ake Nema  

• 1. Injiniya (Chemical, Mechanical, Civil, Electrical, Production)  
• 2. Lafiya da Muhalli (Safety and Environment)  
• 3. Ayyuka da Fasaha (Projects and Technology – Mechanical)  
• 4. Kasuwanci (Commercial)  

 Waɗanda Za Su Iya Nema  

- Masu BA/BSc/HND a fannoni da suka dace.  

- Dole ne su kammala hidimar NYSC.  

- Matasan da ke da ƙwazo da sha’awar taka rawar gani a fagen aikinsu.  

 Wurin Aiki  

- Jihar Rivers, Najeriya  

 Ranar Rufe Nema  

- 24 ga Maris, 2025  

 Yadda Ake Nema  

Masu sha’awa su garzaya su cika fom ta yanar gizo ta wannan adireshi: https://jobs.shell.com/job/port-harcourt/shell-graduate-programme-2025-nigeria/25244/78504654720?utm_source=MyJobMag

Kada ku bari wannan dama ta wuce ku! Nemi gurbin ku kafin wa’adin ƙarshe.

Zogale da kaza duka abinci ne masu gina jiki, amma suna da bambance-bambance masu mahimmanci game da abubuwan gina jiki da suke dauke da su. Wannan labarin zai kwatanta wadannan bambance-bambancen, don taimaka muku sanin wane ne ya fi dacewa da bukatun lafiyar ku.

Protein: Kaza shahararriyar hanya ce ta samun protein, wanda ke da matukar muhimmanci ga gina tsoka da gyara kyallen jiki. Zogale kuma yana dauke da protein, amma ba a yawa kamar kaza ba.

Iron: Zogale yana da arzikin iron, wanda ke da muhimmanci ga samar da jan jini. A wannan bangare, zogale yana kan gaba da kaza.

Bitamin da Magungunan Kare Jiki: Zogale yana dauke da yawan bitamin A, C, da E, da kuma maganin kare jiki daga cututtuka. Wadannan abubuwan gina jiki ba su da yawa a cikin kaza.

Calcium: Zogale yana da calcium mai yawa, wanda ke da amfani ga lafiyar kashi. A wannan bangaren ma, zogale ya fi kaza.

Fats da Cholesterol: Kaza yana dauke da yawan fats da cholesterol, yayin da zogale kusan ba shi da cholesterol. Don haka, zogale ya fi dacewa ga mutanen da ke fama da matsalar cholesterol ko kiba.

Kammalawa:

Duk da yake kaza yana da amfani sosai saboda yawan protein dinsa, zogale yana da amfani sosai ga lafiyar jiki saboda yawan iron, bitamin, da calcium da yake dauke da su, tare da karancin cholesterol. Zabinku ya dogara ne akan bukatun lafiyar ku da abin da kuke so ku samu daga abincin ku. Don samun ingantaccen lafiya, ya kamata ku hada duka zogale da kaza a cikin abincinku yadda ya dace.

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Kuraje da tabon da suke barin a fuska matsala ce da ke damun mutane da yawa, musamman matasa. Duk da kokarin da ake yi na maganinsu, wasu tabo na iya kiyayya su bace, wanda hakan ke iya shafar kwarin gwiwa da bayyanar fuska.

Da yawa sun gwada magungunan kantin sayar da kayayyaki, amma ba kowa ya samu nasara ba. Don haka, mun kawo muku wasu hanyoyin magance tabon fuska ta hanyar amfani da kayan halitta. MUHIMMI: A zabi hanya daya kawai daga cikin wadannan, kada a gauraya su, domin hakan na iya haifar da illa ga fata.

Hanyoyin Magani:

•  Dogonyaro da Kurkuma: A tafasa ganyen dogonyaro kadan sannan a hada shi da kurkuma, sai a shafa a fuska. A bar shi na minti 15 kafin a wanke da ruwan dumi.
• Dankalin Turawa: A wanke dankalin turawa, a markada shi sosai sai a shafa a fuska a matsayin mask. Wannan hanya na taimakawa wajen rage kuraje da hana su sake bayyana.
•  Tafarnuwa: A daka tafarnuwa sannan a shafa a kan tabo. Ko da yake yana da wari, amma yana da amfani wajen gyara fata da kuma magance tabo.
• Hadakar Karas: Tafarnuwa da Zuma: A gauraya karas da aka sara, tafarnuwa da aka daka, da zuma a matsayin mask na fuska.

Ku gwada wadannan hanyoyin kuma ku tuna cewa hakuri da juriya sune mabuɗin samun nasara. Idan matsalar ta ci gaba, a tuntubi l

ikita.

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Nimoniya cutace datake shafar Huhu. Acikin huhu akwai wasu 'yan jakka da ake kira dasuna "alveoli"inda nanne iska ke zuwa alokacin da muke numfashi. Wadannan alveoli, suna cikene da iska. Alokacin da Kwayar cuta tashiga cikin huhun,takan janyo kumburin wadannan "alveoli" din tare da rage yawan iskar dake ciki, hakanne yakesa yaro daya kamuda nimoniyar yariqa jin zafi yayinda yake nunfashi yakuma hanashi shaqar iskar oxygen ishashshe. 

Kungiyar lafiya ta duniya wato WHO, ta bayyana Nimoniya na yara kamar haka " Wata matsalace ga lafiya, wacce take tafeda tari ko nunfashi dakyar-dakyar. Ana iya ganetane ta hanyar bincikar numfashin yaro ko yananan dai-dai ko akasin hakan yayinda aka duba kasan kirjin yaron ko yana fadawa batareda yaron yafice daga hayyacin saba. 

Meke kawo wannan ciwo?

Kwayoyin cuta irinsu bakteriya, bairos, fungai ( bacteria, virus, and fungi) sune ke kawo wannan cuta alokacin dasuka shiga cikin Huhu. 

Atakaice dai yayinda, daya daga cikin kwayoyin cutar yasamu damar isa zuwa Huhu shike haddasa ta. Wanda sukafi kawowa sune Kwayar cutar bacteria maisuna striptokokkus nimoniya ( streptococcus pneumonia) dakuma Hemopilos influanza taib bi ( Hemophilus influenza type b. [Hib])

Yadda cutar ke yaduwa 

Nimoniya tana yaduwa ta hanyoyi dadama:

• Kwayar cutar bairos da bakteriya wadanda ake yawan samunsu a hancin yara ko makogwaro sukan isa sushafi Huhun yaron yayinda yaro ya shaqesu
• Hakazalika cutar tana yaduwa tahanyar zubarda kaki(majina) lokacin yin tari ko attishawa. 
• Sanannan takan yadu ta jini musamman lokacin haihuwa.
• Ta kan yadu ta hayaqin da yake zagayawa cikin gidaje yayin dafa abinci kodai kona wani abu
• Takan yadu a inda babu ishashshen iska misali a daki dan karami ko marasa winduna , yana karawa yaro barazanar kamuwa da nimoniya.Haka zalika cikin taron al'umma. 

Alamomin nimoniya a yara

• Tari
• Nunfashi dasauri-dasauri ko ahankali-ahankali ko Nunfashi dakyar-dakyar
• Wani sauti daga kirji kamar ana sace balonbalon
• Zazza6i
• Ciwon makogwaro
• Ciwon kai
• Rashin son cin abinci

Dazaran wadannan alamomin sun bayyana ayi gaggawar kai yaro asibiti. 

Sauda yawa yara suna rasa ransu akan Nimoniya ne, saboda masu kula dasu ko iyayensu basu iya gane alamomintaba.

Hanyoyin kariya daga Nimoniya

Akwai hanyoyi dadama dazamu kare kanmu da yaranmu daga wannan cutar.

Amma ga muhimman kamar haka:

• Rigakafi

Rigakafi hanyace ingantacciya ta kare yara daga cutar NIMONIYA. Anayin wannan Rigakafin a asibiti bayan sati hudu da haihuwar yara dakuma bayan sati shida sannan kuma bayan sati goma. Yanada kyau yara susami wadannan Rigakafin. 

• Ishashshun abinci masu qara lafiya: 

Ishashshen abinci masu qara lafiya wa yara, yana farawane daga shayar dasu ruwan nono zalla na tsawon wata shida ( exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months). Yin hakan yana karawa yara karfin garkuwar jiki dakuma kariya daga nimoniya kokuma yahana cutar tsawaita ajikin yara.  

• Tsabtar muhalli: 

Tsabtar muhalli yana taimakawa wajen bada kariya daga cututtuka dayawa, saboda kana kokarin fitar da wasu kayan dattine dakan iya 6oye kwayoyin cuta. 

Domin nimoniya yadace makaucewa taron al'umma misali kauracewa tara yara fiye da hudu ko biyar a daki daya ko wajen biki kodai duk wani wurin taronda nunfashin mutane yana gaurayuwa dana juna, ta yadda dazaran wani yayi tari ko attishawa akwai barazanar kamuwa da cutar. Sannan kuma da kauracewa duk wani mulallinda Hayaqi yake. 

Saikuma akara da wadannan hanyoyin

• Wanke hannaye da ruwa da sabulu
• Sanya takunkumi
• Motsa jiki
• Ziyartar asibiti akan lokaci

Mungode.

Shan lemon zaki na bawo guda daya kacal akullum namatukar taimakawa jiki wajen gudanar da ayyukansa na yau da kullun da magance cututtuka da dama.

Anan zamuyi dan gajeren rubutu akan amfanin sa guda takwas:

1.Kariya daga cutar kansa

 lemo yana taimakawa wajen rage wa mutun yiwuwar kamuwa da ciwon Kansa Kowacce iriyace harsahen wani bincike.

  Lemon zaki na dauke da wadataccen sinadarin(citrus limonoids),kuma wannan sinadarin na taimakawa wajen hana kamuwa da kansar fata da huhu da nono da ciki da kuma hanji.

2.Kariya daga kamuwa da ciwon koda

Lemo yana taimakawa wajen magance cutar koda da kuma rage hatsarin kamuwa da cutar nan na duwatsun koda(kidney stones).

3.Taimakawa wajen narka abinci 

Yana taimakawa sinadaran ciki wajen samun damar narka abinci yadda yakamata ta yadda jiki zai amfana sosai daga abincin.

4.Yana sa fata kyalli da sheki

Yana dauke da sinadarin Vitamin C da "Antioxidant"Wanda suke taimakawa wajen bawa fata kariya daga cututtuka daban daban.

Yana Hana fata yin yaushi tare dasata sheki da kyalli.

5.yana Kara karfin idanu da Bada kariya daga kamuwa da cututtukan ido

Yana taimakawa idanu wajen Samar da kyakkyawan gani saboda yana da sinadarin (carotenoid compound)masu yawa Wadanda ake juyasu su zama (bitamin A),sai su taimaka wajen hana matsalar gani.

6.Kariya daga cututtuka masu hatsari

Yana rage hatsarin kamuwa da cututtuka masu hastari,saboda yana dauke da sinadarin bitamin C da yawa.

7.Kariya daga hawan jini da ciwon siga

Bincike yanuna cewa yawan Shan lemon Zaki kan bada kariya daga kamuwa da wannan cututtuka biyu tare da daidaita hawan jini da siga ajiki.

8.Kara tsawon rayuwa

Lemo na dauke da sinadarin vitamin c da "antioxidants" dayawa.yawan Shan lemo Kan taimaka wajen Kara tsayin rayuwa ta hanyar kare mutun daga kamuwa da cututtuka dayawa!!Yawan shan lemon zaki na bawo na iya mai dan shekara 50 kamar saurayi.

Haka zakaji mutanen da Allah Ya ɗora wannan lalura suna faɗi yayin da suka yi yinƙurin tashi tsaye ko motsawa.

Atiratis: cuta ce wacce take kama dukkanin inda ƙashi da ƙashi suka haɗu kuma wurin yake motsawa ma'ana dai gaɓa. Inda man giris da Allah Ya sanya a gaɓoɓin kan suɗe, sai ƙashi da ƙashi suna gogar juna inda za'a ringa jin zafi da kuma kumburin wurin.

Ita dai wannan cuta tana bibiiyar shekaru ne, ma'ana tafi kama mutanen da suka manyanta daga shekara 40 zuwa sama.

Duk da a cikin kashe kashen cutar atiratis akwai wadda ake kira Jubalin atiratis wacce take cuta ce wacce rashin jituwa ta garkuwar jiki ke haifar da ita kuma yara take kamawa yan kasa da shekaru 16.

Gaɓoɓin da wannan cuta tafi rainawa:

• .Gwiwa
• .Ƙugu
• .Hannuwa( gaɓɓai)
• .Kasan dugadugi
• .Baya

Akwai nau'ukkan wannan cuta da dama dan haka ba za'a iya gane wacce kake ɗauke da ita ba sai kaje asibiti.

Alamomi

• Daga cikin alamominta akwai:
• Ciwon gaɓoɓin( kwankwaso)
• Kasa motsa gaɓoɓin
• Kumburin gaɓoɓi
• Rikewar gabobi musamman in antashi daga bacci da safe
• Ana iya ganin ja-ja a daidai gaɓoɓin da ake jin ciwon
• Zazzaɓi mara zafi
• Tsirowar Kashi a hannu
• Kumburi ko Jan ido
• Ciwon kirji
• Yawan kasala

Dss.

Mi ke kawo shi?

Dama nace maku ciwon gaɓɓai yana da kashe-kashe dayawa to kuma kowanne akwai dalilin da ke kawo shi.

Amma daga ciki dai akwai:

• Gado( idan akwai tarihin mai ɗauke da cutar a cikin dangi)
• Auto immune DX( rashin jituwa tsakanin ƙwayoyin da ke bada kariya a jiki) 
• Rashin motsa jiki
• Ayyuka masu tsanani

Yadda za'a magance ta

Idan kana da wannan matsala zaka iya zuwa kaga likita a asibiti ko ka nemi ganin likita Wanda yakware a fannin watoh "rheumatologist" inda zai duba ka sosai.

Likita na iya cewa kayi wannan bincike kamar haka:

1.Hoton gwiwa 

Wannan test din zai haska gabar dake ciwo yanuna meke faruwa a cikin gabar

2.Test din jini 

Wannan test din zai tàimaka wajen auna wasu sinadarai na garkuwar jiki irinsu rheumatoid factor, antinuclear antibody da sauransu.

3.MRI ko CT scan 

Likita zai iya bukata kayi wadannan idan hoton gaba yakasa nuna komai.

Bayan kayi tasa tasa,likita zai doraka akan magani.

Yawanci agaskiya duk cutar da za'a ce maka gado ake, ko kuma yawancin shekaru na kawo ta, to gaskiya ba za'a iya warkewa duka ba.

Amma akwai dubarun da ake yi a asibiti

1.Ana bayar da magunguna masu rage zogi da kumburi irin su inflanil,cocodamol,arthrotec,eproxen da na shafawa irinsu topical Neurogesic cream,bengay da sauransu.wadannan duk zaka iya siya kafara anfani dasu kafin kaje wajen likita Wanda zai rubuta maka na musamman 

2.Ana ƙaurace wa wasu nau'in abinci( ya danganta daga wane kalar atiratis ne) kamar Jan nama,gishiri,abinci mai soda da sikari da yawa,barasa da sauransu

3.Ana koyar da motsa jiki na musamman.

Zuwa asibiti shine zai bada damar a baka magani sannan a baka shawarwarin da suka dace daidai da matsalar ka.

yin atishawa bawani abune Wanda mutun zai daga hankalinsaba ko yayi tunanin yin hakan alamace na wani babban ciwo ajiki.

atishawa abune mai kyau duk dadai ba dadi yayin da mutun keyi.munayin ta ne domin fitar da majina,kwayoyin cuta da gurbatacciyar iska dakan shiga cikin huhu ta hanci sannan ya iyayiwa huhun lahani.

Meke kawo atishawa da mura

Daga cikin amfanin hanci ajiki shine fitar da majina,kwayoyin cuta da gurbatacciyar iska dake shigowa lokacin numfashi,ta hakan zai hana duk wani abu dazai yimana lahani shiga cikin jikinmu.

Anfiyin mura da atishawane alokacin Rani,hazo ko damina(lokacin da Ake iska sosai)

Abubuwan dake kawo atishawa sunkunshi:

• Shakar kwayoyin cuta kamar su bacteria da viruses ta iska
• Shakar hayaki,kura,yaji,iska mai sanyi ko gurbatacciyar iska haka
• Shakar magunguna kamar su corticosteroids ta hanci
• Masu ciwon atopy ko allergy na gado(wadannan mutanen suna fama da murane akukasan kodayaushe wani sain tare da kaikayin jiki,sannan sunada yiwuwar kamuwa da asthma)

Alamomin mura dake zuwa tare atishawa.

• Fitar majina ta hanji Wanda a farko tsinkakkiyace mai ruwa,daga baya Kuma Takoma mai kauri koriya.
• Tari
• Wahalar numfashi alokacin da majina ta taru a ƙirji
• Ciwon makogaro
• Ciwon kunne a wani sa'in
• Jan ido tare da kaikayi

Illolin da mura ke iya janyowa

• Ciwon nimoniya
• Ciwon sankarau
• Ciwon kunne
• karancin ruwa ajiki

Maganin atishawa.

Amafi lokuta baafiya so a runka Shan magunguna barkatai ba ga mai mura,sabida ko ka Sha magani ko ba kasha ba,mura Bata wuce sati biyu zata tafi da kanta.

Me yakamata kayi?

1.Sirace

Sirace na da matukar amfani sosai wajen magance mura da atishawa idan zaayishi sau biyu haka a Rana.

2.magunguna na kwaya

Zaka iya siyan wadannan magungunan idan murar tayi tsanani musamman idan majinar tayi kauri sosai tanasa ka wahalar numfashi.wadannan magungunan sunkunshi:

• Loratadine
• Fexofenadine
• Cetrizine
• Antibiotics irinsu su Fleming Augmentin.
• Vitamin c

Abubuwan da zasu tàimaka maka wajen magance mura

• Tsaftace gida Yana taimakawa wajen rage kura da gurbatacciyar iska acikin muhalli.
• kare kanka daga yawan shiga hayaki ko kura ta hanyar Saka facemask aduk lokacin dazaka fita daga gida zuwa wani gurin
• mintsinin hanci ko rike hanci kamar yadda kake Yi idan kaji wani abu wari aduk lokacin dakaji atishawar zatafito
• Yawan Shan ruwa akai akai 
• Cin kayan itace musamman lemon zagi a kullun Yana matukar taimakawa wajen magance mura 
• Shan Shayi mai citta da tafarnuwa Shima na tàimakawa kwarai.

Irin abubuwan da indai kana dasu toh zaka iya samun ciwon hauka

Ciwon hauka na daya daga cikin manyan cututtuka da suke shafar kwakwalwa. 

Wannan ciwo yana shafar kwakwalwa ne ta yadda mutum ze na gurbataccen tunani da hargitsi wajen fahimtar rayuwa.

 Wannan na faruwa ne sakamakon gurbacewar wani sashi na kwakwalwa da yake kula da tunani, halayya, walwala da hukunci.

A duniya, cikin mutum 100,000 mutum goma zuwa shabiyar na dauke da ciwon.

A Nijeriya, a kalla mutum kimanin milliyan daya da dugo takwas ne ke fama da wannan cuta.

Maza ko mata duk zasu iya kamuwa da wannan ciwo, amma ciwon yafi yin illa ga maza sosai.

Daga yan shekara shabiyar har zuwa talatin duk kan iya kamuwa.

Mene yake janyo ciwon?

Binciken masana ya nuna babu wani takamaiman abinda ke kawo wannan ciwon. 

Harsashe na bayanai na kwararrun likitocin kwakwalwa da halayya sunyi nuni ga wasu abubuwa da kan iya haddasa cutar.

Daga ciki akwai:

Matsala da ta ke shafar cikin kwakwalwa.

1. Gado daga iyaye
2.  Matsanaiciyar damuwa da bacin rai
3. Rashi, karanci ko yawan wasu sinadarai dake taimakawa kwakwalwa(Misali GABA, DOPAMINE, NORADRENALINE dasauransu.)
4. Talauci
5. Matsaloli na aure da iyali ko dangi
6. Shayeshayen miyagun kwayoyi
7. Yaran da aka aka sha wahalar cikinsu kafin a haifesu.misali:Idan yakasance mai cikin wata 4-6 tayi zazzabin "rubella" ko "influenza" toh akwai yiwuwar yaran dazata Haifa zai iyayin hauka,yaran da fayarsu tafashe da wuri ko wanda aka dade ana nakudarsu kafin a haifesu suma duk suna da yiwuwar kamuwa da wannan ciwo.
8. Mutanen dasuka taba buguwa akai ko wadanda ke fama da Cutar farfadiya Suma da yiwuwar Zama mahaukata.
9. Mutanen dake Zama a birni sunfi saurin kamuwa da ciwon hauka akan Wanda suke Zama a kauye.

Alamomin ciwon.

Yawan gane ganen abubuwa da babu su azahiri(mutun zaina iya ganin mutane,dabbobi,wasu halittu masu ban tsoro kamar ganin mutun da kofaton doki ko Kan jaki da sauransu).

1. Jin surutai wanda babu wadanda suke surutan azahiri.Mutun zai iya Jin daya daga cikin wadannan:-
2. Jin wata murya Wanda Babu ita azahiri tana wa mutun maganganu akan komai na rayuwarsa 
3. Jin muryoyin mutun biyu na tattaunna akan abubuwan dayake yi ko kuwa yarunka jinsu suna muhawara,ko suna masa dariya,wani sa'in su kawo masa tsaigumin wani dayasani ko susa ya aikata wani mummunan laifi.
4. Jin Kamar ana wa mutun amshin tunaninsa(ma'ana aduk lokacin dayake tunani Sai ya runka Jin wata murya na fadar tunaninsa dakarfi tamkar wanine yake karantawa agaske).

Fuskantar matsaloli na tunani, misali:

1. jin cewar mutane na iya sanin abun da mutun ke tunani a ransa(thought broadcasting).2-jin cewar tunanin da mutun yake Yi banasa bane,ma'ana wani ne ya ari zuciyarsa yake tunani da ita,dan haka duk abun da zuciyarsa zata saaka masa zai dauka ne tamkar banasa bane na wanine(thought insertion).
2. Jin cewa rayuwar mutun bashike da iko da itaba,sannan kuma duk abinda yakeyi bashi ya ke aikatawa ba,ma'ana wani ne daban yake sashi yayi (Passivity phenomenon).
3.  Yawan chanjin yanayi: yawan farinciki ko damuwa.
4. Jin kamar ana zancen ka ko yi dakai alhalin bahaka bane.
5. Changin dabia ta mutum: doke doke, ko zage zage, kwaikwayon wani salo dakaga wani, kamar kwaikwayon tafiya, magana da sauransu.
6. Yin sanbatu da surutan da ba'a fahimtar me ake cewa.
7. Rashin nuna damuwa ko farinciki (flattening of affect)
8. Gudun mutane da kauracewa ma’amala da jama’a.
9. Rashin sanyin komai, kamar kinyin nishadi, magana da sauransu.

Shawarwari.

Yana da kyau a fahimci cewa masu irin wannan ciwo suna bukatar kulawa, kuma wannan kulawar daga kwararrun likitocin kwakwalwa. Tunanin cewa wannan ciwo bana asibiti bane sannan munrunka tunanin wani abu daban ba na mu bane kuma bashi ne mafita ba. Dan haka da zarar an fahimci mutun na fama da daya daga cikin alamomin wannan ciwon to ayi maza a kaishi asibiti. Shawokan ciwon da wuri na taimakawa matuka wajen saurin samun lafiya.

Ko meke kawo kaikayi/Jan ido?

Abubuwan dake kawo kaikayin ido nadayawa daga ciki akwai:

1.Yanayi

mafi yawan mutane na fuskantar wannan matsala ne alokacin Rani/ko hunturun sanyi,ko damina,wato a wannan lokacin iska na busawa sosai Kuma tana saurin shiga ido.

2.Shiga cikin gurbatacciyar iska

shiga cikin gurbatacciyar iska kamar hayaki ko turare mai karfi ko man fetir kan iya janyo wannan matsala ta kaikayin ido

3.Sanyi na ido

kwayoyin cuta irin su bakteriya,biros da fungus ke kawo wannan matsala t sanyi na ido,(conjunctivitis,uveilitis, blepharitis).yakan janyo ido yayi ta kaikayi,yayi ja sannan yarunka fitar da kwansa

4.Bushewar ido

abubuwa dayawa ka iya janyo wannan matsala kamar ciwon siga,ciwon rheumatism,Shan magunguna (irinsu na hawan jini,ciwon damuwa, magungunan mura da na kayyade iyali).hakazalika alokacin da mutun ke girma idan sa nakara bushewa.

4.Gajiyar ido.

ido na gajiya alokacin da aka dade ana kallan wani Abu dashi musamman waya, computer,karatu da fitila mara haske ko rashin samun isasshen bacci.alokacin da ido yagaji sai yafara yin ja Yana kaikayi da ciwo.

6.Shigar wani Abu ciki ido

faduwar wani Abu cikin ido kamar kwaro,tsakuwa,yaji da dai sauransu kan janyo ido yayi ja ko yayi ta kaikayi

Shin mene maganin kaikayin ido?

• magani a asibiti ake badashi.likita zai iya baka wadannan magunguna:
• Magani na digawa a ido
• Antihistamines da 
• Antibiotics inta kama

Abunda zasu taimaka

1.Daddanna ido da ruwan sanyi da tawul alokacin da wannan matsala ta sameka.kasamo ruwan sanyi da tawul Dinka mai tsafta sai ka Saka ciki ruwan sanyin,bayan ka matse shi sai ka daddanna a idon dake ma kaikayi nadan lokaci kadan,hakan nataimakawa kwairai.

2.yawan Wanke hannaye 

3.Saka facemask in zaafita waje

4.Kula da tsaftar muhalli da rage kura akai akai.

5.Rage amfani da waya da computer.inkasan kana yawan amfani da wadannan abubuwan zaka iya runka daukar hutun minti 20 bayan ko wanne awa daya dakayi kana amfani dasu.

6.Samun isasshen bacci da hutu 

Yana da kyau kaje asibiti kaga likita ko ka nemi ganin kwararran likitan ido watoh Opthalmologist domin samun cikakken kulawa.

Yanar Idanu matsala ce dake shafar idanu ta yadda mutum baze na gani da kyau ba.

Wannan ciwo ne dake ci ahankali ahankali

Hakan nafaruwa ne sakamakon yana da ta mamaye cikin Idanu. 

A duk shekara a nigeria mutane kusan dubu darine ke kamuwa da wannan ciwo na.

Abubuwan dake kawo wannan matsala

1. Shekaru
2. Ciwon siga
3. Hawan jini
4. Matsalolin idanu tundaga haihuwa
5. Aikin tiyata cikin Ido
6. kiba 
7. shan giya da shan taba sigari

Alamomin dazakaji in kana da ita

1. Gani dishi-dishi ko biyu biyu
2. Raguwar gani da dare
3. Rashin iya tantance launi na kala

Magani

A asibiti akeyinsa Kuma amafi yawanci tiyata akeyi acire ta.

Cutar yanar Ido tana haddasa matsaloli na Ido dayawa, tundaga kan matsalar gani har zuwa makanta.

Shawarwari

Gawasu daga cikin hanyoyi kariya da shawarwari don kare kai daga wannan cuta.

• Ana yawan zuwa asibiti domin auna Idanu musamman ga wadanda tsufa ya fara kamasu, a kalla sau daya a shekara.
• Kula da yanayin lafiya musamman su hawan jini da ciwon siga. Kada ana bari jini ko siga yana hawa
• Cin abinci da kayan itatuwa dake gina jiki musamman wadanda suke kara karfin gani. Kamar su kifi, karas, lemon zaki da sauransu.
• Kauracewa yan barasa da shan hayakin taba sigari

Abarba na daga cikin kayan itatuwa Wanda suke kara lafiya sosai a jikin Dan Adam.

Anan za mu lissafo amfanin Shan abarba guda goma Sha biyar ajiki.

1.Dauke da sinadarai masu Gina jiki

Abarba na dauke da sinadarai masu yawan gaske wanda suke kara lafiya ajikin dan Adam kamar su(kalori,protein, carbs,fiber,bitamin C,manganese, bitaminB6,copper, thiamine, folate da potassium). Wanda suke taimakawa wajen Gina jiki,Kara lafiyar Gani da kaifin kwakwalwa

2.kariya daga cututtuka

Tana dauke da sinadarin 'antioxidant' Wanda yake rage kamuwa da cututtuka daban daban kamar ciwon zuciya,ciwon sukari da kuma Kansa.

3.Narka abinci aciki

Daga cikin amfanin abarba shine taimakawa wajen narka abinci yadda yakamata,yadda jiki zai amfanu sosai dagashi.

4.kara garkuwar jiki

Abarba na bada taimako wajen karfafa garkuwar jiki wanda hakan zai taimaka wajen kare jiki daga shigar cututtuka daban daban.

5.maganin ciwon gabobi

Abarba na taimakawa wajen rage radadin alamomin kumburin gabbai(Arthritis) da ciwon jiki

6.Ciwon baya

Kamar yadda take taimakawa wajen ciwon gabbai hakazalika tana taimakawa wajen rage kumburi da radadin ciwo bayan anyi wa mutum tiyata.

7.Rage teba

Abarba nadaga cikin kayan itacen dake taimakawa wajen rage teba da kiba.idan kana San hakan saika runka ci akai akai

8.Lafiyar kashi

Bincike na likitanci yanuna cewa cin abarba akai akai nataimakawa wajen Kara lafiya da karfin kashi.

9.Haihuwa

Bincike yanuna abarba na taimaka wajen kare mutun daga cututtuka dake shafar haihuwa.idan kana San haihuwa karunka cin abarba akai akai.

Wannan cuta dai gadon ta akeyi. Yayin da iyaye masu dauke da cutar sikila sukayi aure ma’ana idan mahaifi (SS) da mahaifiya (SS) su kai aure,toh ba makawa akwai tabbacin zasu iya haifar me cutar sikila. 

Haka zalika idan mahaifi (AS) da mahaifiya (AS) sukai aure, akwai yuwar za’a iya samun yara masu dauke da cutar sikila. Atakai ce, ana haifar me sikila ne idan daya daga cikin iyayen yana / suna dauke da wannan cuta. 

Alamomin ciwon sikila

Alamomin wannan cuta sukan bayyana da wuri. Su kan bayyana ne tun yaro yana wajen wata shida a duniya. 

Daga cikin alamomin ta akwai:

1. Yawan Karancin jini ajikin mutum.

Hakan Kan faru ne sabida kwayar halittar jininsu Kan rasa kwari da karfi sannan ranakun su ajiki Kan ragu sosai.

A mutun Mai lafiya Wanda bashi da wannan cuta ta sikila,kwayar halittar jinin sa kanyi kwana 120 kafin su mutu,amma amasu sikila kwanakinsu baya wuce 10-20 suke mutuwa,hakan kansa karancin kwayar halittar jini ajikinsu,tadalilin haka ne suke samun karancin jini gabadaya,wannan dalila ma shiyakesa masu Cutar faama da shawara(jaundice).

Dalili nabiyu da yasa masu Cutar Kan fuskanci karancin jini kuwa shine 'matsalar da ke faruwa a inda jiki ke saamar da jini wato aplastic crisis",hakan Kan faru ne yayin da kwayar Cutar parvovirus tashiga "bone marrow" din.

2. Yawan gajiya da kasala.

Masu sikila kanyi fama da yawan  

gajiya da kasala sabida matsalar karancin jini ajikinsu dasuke fama dashi.

3. Ciwon jiki me tsanani ( musamman a cikin kasusuwa da ga‘bo’bi ).

Masu sikila kanyi fama da azababban ciwon jiki sabida toshewar magudanar jini da kwayar halittar jini Mai dauke da sickla keyi!

Ayaayin da aka Samu toshiya a magudanar jini,Sai yakasance isasshen jini baya zuwa sassa daban daban najiki,

 kamar(Kashi,gabobi,kirji,kwakwalwa,Koda da sauransu).Aduk lokacin da isasshen jini baya zuwa wani bangare na jiki,hakan Kan haifar da azababban ciwo a wannan bangaren.shiyasa kodayaushe masu wannan cuta kanyi fama da ciwon jiki sosai musamman acikin kasusuwansu da kirjinsu.

4. Kumburin hannaye da kafafuwa.

Hakan nafaruwa ne sabida toshewar Magudanar jini a masu sickla.wannan anfi samunshi a yara kananu.

5. Yawan yin laulayi ( rashin lafiya ).

Masu sikila kanyi fama da yawan laulayi da Rashin lafiya sabida matsalar karancin jini dasuke dashi ajiki.ayayin da jini yayi karanci ajiki,karfin garkuwar jikima Kan ragu,hakan zaibawa kwayoyin cuta damar shigowa cikin jiki su haddasa ciwo.

masu wannan ciwo kanfuskanci matsala a saifar su"spleen",wadda ba karamin taka rawa take ba awajen kare mutun daga cututtuka.

Wannan dalili yasa kodayaushe suke cikin Rashin lafiya.

Dan haka ne likitoci kanyiwa Yara masu Cutar rigaakafi tare da dorasu akan magunguna(antibiotics) da zai karesu daga cututtukan da za su iyayimusu barazana ga rayuwarsu(Kamar nimoniya).

6. Rashin girma / balaga da wuri

A lafiyyayyen mutun aikin kwayar halittar jini ne Kai iska da sinadaran Gina jiki zuwa sassa daban daban najiki,Dan haka alokacin da mutun ke fama da karancin jini a jiki akansamu tawaya wajen Kai wadannan sinadarai sassa daban daban na jikin,hakan kansa masu sickla Rashin girma.

7. Matsalar idanu ( rashin gani da kyau)

Akansamu wannan matsala ne sabida toshewar Magudanar jini dake Kai jini da sinadarai zuwa Ido a masu Cutar sickla.wannan dalili kansa su Samu matsalar gani.

8.Kumburin ciki

Hakan nafaruwa ne sabida kumburin hanta da saifa"spleen" dake faaruwa amasu Cutar.

Abubuwan dake tada ciwon sikila(crises)

Abubuwan dakan iya janyo masu Cutar su Samu "crisis" sunkunshi;

• Shiga cikin sanyi
• Rashin shan ruwa akai akai
• Damuwa
• Aikin wahala
• Cuta musamman sanyi ko malaria.

Yana da kyau da duk me wannan cuta yayi kokari yakiyaye kansa daga wadannan abubuwan.

Yaushe yakamata kaga likita?

Ziyartar likita yazamanto anayinshi akai akai,sannan alokacin da aka ga daya daga cikin alamomin nan to maza a garzayo asibiti domin tallafin gaggawa.

Daga ciki akwai: zazzabi, tsananin ciwon kashi da gabbai, kumburin hannu da kafa, ciwon ciki, kumburin ciki, dashewar fatar jiki, daukewar magana, ko tsananin ciwon kai, dashewar saman farce, rashin kwari a wani bangare na jiki.

Illolin da ciwon sikila ke janyowa

1. Mutuwar barin jiki

Daga cikin manyan illolin da ciwon sikila ke janyowa shine mutuwar barin jiki.musamman idan ba a kula dashi sosai yadda yakamata

2.Matsaloli a kirji

Ta kan iya haifar da matsala a kirji ( chiwon kirji(acute chest syndrome), nimoniya tare da zazzabi da kuma daukewar numfashi ).

3.Makanta

 Cutar sikila takan iya jawo makanta, mutun ya rasa ida nun sa gaba daya.

4. Gyan bon kafa

Ciwon sikila na iya janyo gyanbon kafa da lalacewar kafa Baki daya in ba a kula dashi yadda yakamata

6.Matsala a mata

Ga mata masu juna biyu, takan haddasa hawan jini, bari ko ahaifo yaro bakwai ni.

7.Matsaloli a koda

 Cutar sikila kan iya janyo sanyin mafitsara,zubar jini acikin fitsari,ciwon Koda maza, ta kan janyo sandarewar mazakuta ta ki kwanciya, wanda hakan zai iya janyo rashin haihuwa.

8.Matsaloli a Kashi

Cutar sikila Kan iya janyo sanyin Kashi(osteomyelitis) da saurin karayar kashi.

9.Matsaloli a zuciya

Cutar sikila Kan iya janyo cuttuka na zuciya Kamar cardiomyopathy,ishchaemic heart dz,corpulmonale da ciwon zuciya(ccf).

Shawarwari dazasu taimaka

1.Hanya daya da za’a magance yaduwar wannan ciwo shi ne, yin gwaji na cutar sikila kafin ayi aure.

2.Duk mutumin dake dauke da wannan cuta yaakamace shi dayayi kokarin Kare kansa daga yanayi na sanyi ,yawan Tara gajiya, cututtuka, ko Hawa guri Mai tsayi sosai.

3.Yana da kyau agareshi da ya runka Shan ruwa sosai,yazamanto yana zuwa ganin likitaa akai akai tare da Shan magunguna na Karin jini(folic da hydroxyurea),magungunan Kara karfin garkuwar jiki(Kamar vitamin c),hakazalika yana da kyau da ya dage wajen Shan magungunan da zasu Kare shi daga malaria(watoh proguanil) da nimoniya(ta hanyar karban rigaakafi na 

pentavalent da pneumococcal vaccines),abun lura anan shine wadannan magungunan suzamanto anashansu akarkashin kulawar likita.

4.Karin jini akai akai(chronic blood transfusion with hbAA blood) bayan kowanne sati shida zaitaimaka sosai wajen bada kariya ga kamuwa da Cutar paralisis(stroke) musamman a Yara.

Yawan fitsari alamane na cututtuka dayawa musamman na mafitsara.

Mutun mai lafiya bayayin fitsari sama da sau 6-8 a rana.idan yawuce haka,ko mutun yana tashi sama sau 3 da daddare toh yazama matsala Kuma alamane na rashin lafiya

Yawan Shan ruwa,nescafe ko barasa kan janyo wannan matsala,Kuma hakan bazai zamanto abun damuwa ba,Shan ruwa abune mai kyau ga lafiyarka da jikinka,saidai giya da nescafe Wanda Basu da wani amfani ga lafiya.

Daga cikin abubuwan dake kawo Yawan fitsari sune:

1.Sanyin mafitsara

sanyine dake shafar mafitsara,alokacin daka kamu da wannan sanyi zaka runka fitsari ne sosai ba dare ba Rana, wani sa'in zakanajin zafi lokacin fitsari ko ganin jini acikin fitsarin.

2.Ciwon siga:

ciwon siga na dagacikin cututtukan dake janyo yawan fitsari,mutun na kamuwa da wannan ciwo ne alokacin da siga acikin jikinsa ta hau hawa sosai.bayan yawan fitsari mutun kan fuskanci Jin kishirwa sosai,yawan shan ruwa da rama.ciwon siga nada matukar illa ga jiki,Yana janyo ciwon zuciya,shanyewar barin jiki, cututtuka na magudanar jini,makanta da dai sauransu

3.Juna biyu

yawan fitsari nadaga cikin alamomin juna biyu a mata.Alokacin da kikayi batan wata sannan Kuma kina yawan fitsari toh kifara tunanin ciki

4.Ciwon BPH

 kowanne da na miji yana da 'prostrate' acijikinsa wanda yake taimakawa wajen samar wa "sperm cells" sinadaran da suke bukata domin yin aikinsu.

alokacin da shi prostate yafara kumbura,mutun kan fuskanci wannan matsala ta yawan yin fitsari.Amafi yawancin mutane shi wannan prostrate din nafara kumburane alokacin da mutun yawuce shekaru 40.Abubuwa dayawa kan janyo shi Wanda zamuyi bayaninsu a wani rubutun namu.

5.prostatitis

Prostatitis sanyi ne na shi prostrate,yakanzo da zafin fitsari,ciwon dubura bayan yawan fitsari

6.Ciwon shanyewar barin jiki

Ciwon shanyewar barin jiki nadaga cikin abubuwan dake kawo Yawan fitsari,a masu wannan ciwo marar su da duburar su kan saki sukasa rike fitsari ko kashi,Wanda hakan zaisa fitsari ko kashi yarunka fitowa dakansa.

7.Daukewar al'ada ta manyanta

Alokacin da mace tawuce shekaru 50,zata iya fuskantar wannan matsala ta yawan fitsari, watoh alokacin da al'adar ta ta manyanta ta dauke

8.Fibroid

Fibroid ko tsiro acikin mahaifa nadaga cikin abubuwan dake iya kawo Yawan fitsari,yakanzo da azababban ciwon mara da zubar jini sosai.

9.kansar prostrate 

Kansar prostate daji ne da prostrate,yakan kama mutun alokacin dayakainahekaru samanda 70,daga cikin alamominsa shine yawan fitsari,yawan Jin matsin fitsari,rashin iya rike fitsari,ciwon baya da dai sauransu.

10.Kansar mara

Kansar mara ko daji na mara daga cikin abubuwan dake kawo Yawan fitsari,mutanen dasukafi kamuwa da wannan matsalar sune masu aiki a kampaninnika na kemicals,ko Wanda suke yawan samun sanyi na fitsara.

13.Magunguna

Shan magunguna irinsu magungunan hawan jini kan janyo wannan matsala ta yawan fitsari

Meyakamata mutun yayi

Idan kana fama da wannan matsala yanada kyau kaje asibiti a gano meke kawo maka wannan matsala da wuri domin magance ta,rashin magance wannan matsala na iya janyo wa mutun wadansu cututtuka daban Wanda maganinsu nada matukar wahala(misali sanyin fitsari na janyo ciwon Koda)

Likita zai iya baka wadannan gwaje gwajen:

• 1.Gwajin siga
• 2.Gwajin mafitsara
• 3.Gwajin ciki 
• 4.Hotan ciki

Magani yadanganta da abunda yake kawoshi Kuma asibiti ake bayarwa bayan likita yamaka tamboyi da gwaje gwaje 

Yawan fitsari alamane na cututtuka dayawa musamman na mafitsara.

Mutun mai lafiya bayayin fitsari sama da sau 6-8 a rana.idan yawuce haka,ko mutun yana tashi sama sau 3 da daddare toh yazama matsala Kuma alamane na rashin lafiya

Yawan Shan ruwa,nescafe ko barasa kan janyo wannan matsala,Kuma hakan bazai zamanto abun damuwa ba,Shan ruwa abune mai kyau ga lafiyarka da jikinka,saidai giya da nescafe Wanda Basu da wani amfani ga lafiya.

Daga cikin abubuwan dake kawo Yawan fitsari sune:

1.Sanyin mafitsara

sanyine dake shafar mafitsara,alokacin daka kamu da wannan sanyi zaka runka fitsari ne sosai ba dare ba Rana, wani sa'in zakanajin zafi lokacin fitsari ko ganin jini acikin fitsarin.

2.Ciwon siga:

ciwon siga na dagacikin cututtukan dake janyo yawan fitsari,mutun na kamuwa da wannan ciwo ne alokacin da siga acikin jikinsa ta hau hawa sosai.bayan yawan fitsari mutun kan fuskanci Jin kishirwa sosai,yawan shan ruwa da rama.ciwon siga nada matukar illa ga jiki,Yana janyo ciwon zuciya,shanyewar barin jiki, cututtuka na magudanar jini,makanta da dai sauransu

3.Juna biyu

yawan fitsari nadaga cikin alamomin juna biyu a mata.Alokacin da kikayi batan wata sannan Kuma kina yawan fitsari toh kifara tunanin ciki

4.Ciwon BPH

 kowanne da na miji yana da 'prostrate' acijikinsa wanda yake taimakawa wajen samar wa "sperm cells" sinadaran da suke bukata domin yin aikinsu.

alokacin da shi prostate yafara kumbura,mutun kan fuskanci wannan matsala ta yawan yin fitsari.Amafi yawancin mutane shi wannan prostrate din nafara kumburane alokacin da mutun yawuce shekaru 40.Abubuwa dayawa kan janyo shi Wanda zamuyi bayaninsu a wani rubutun namu.

5.prostatitis

Prostatitis sanyi ne na shi prostrate,yakanzo da zafin fitsari,ciwon dubura bayan yawan fitsari

6.Ciwon shanyewar barin jiki

Ciwon shanyewar barin jiki nadaga cikin abubuwan dake kawo Yawan fitsari,a masu wannan ciwo marar su da duburar su kan saki sukasa rike fitsari ko kashi,Wanda hakan zaisa fitsari ko kashi yarunka fitowa dakansa.

7.Daukewar al'ada ta manyanta

Alokacin da mace tawuce shekaru 50,zata iya fuskantar wannan matsala ta yawan fitsari, watoh alokacin da al'adar ta ta manyanta ta dauke

8.Fibroid

Fibroid ko tsiro acikin mahaifa nadaga cikin abubuwan dake iya kawo Yawan fitsari,yakanzo da azababban ciwon mara da zubar jini sosai.

9.kansar prostrate 

Kansar prostate daji ne da prostrate,yakan kama mutun alokacin dayakainahekaru samanda 70,daga cikin alamominsa shine yawan fitsari,yawan Jin matsin fitsari,rashin iya rike fitsari,ciwon baya da dai sauransu.

10.Kansar mara

Kansar mara ko daji na mara daga cikin abubuwan dake kawo Yawan fitsari,mutanen dasukafi kamuwa da wannan matsalar sune masu aiki a kampaninnika na kemicals,ko Wanda suke yawan samun sanyi na fitsara.

13.Magunguna

Shan magunguna irinsu magungunan hawan jini kan janyo wannan matsala ta yawan fitsari

Meyakamata mutun yayi

Idan kana fama da wannan matsala yanada kyau kaje asibiti a gano meke kawo maka wannan matsala da wuri domin magance ta,rashin magance wannan matsala na iya janyo wa mutun wadansu cututtuka daban Wanda maganinsu nada matukar wahala(misali sanyin fitsari na janyo ciwon Koda)

Likita zai iya baka wadannan gwaje gwajen:

• 1.Gwajin siga
• 2.Gwajin mafitsara
• 3.Gwajin ciki 
• 4.Hotan ciki

Magani yadanganta da abunda yake kawoshi Kuma asibiti ake bayarwa bayan likita yamaka tamboyi da gwaje gwaje 

Domin samun lafiyyayan bacci,kayi wadannan Abubuwa:

1.Tsaida lokacin bacci da tashi.

Idan kana San samun lafiyyayan bacci,Yana da kyau ka Saka tsayayyan lokacin bacci da tashi akullun.idan kana kwanciya karfe Tara na dare sannan kana tashi 5 na safe,toh yazamanto kullun kanayin haka.

2.Samun bacci na akalla away shida

Akullun ana bukatar kasamu bacci na akalla awa 6,Rashin yin hakan na iyayiwa jikinka illoli daban daban

3.Kashe haske lokacin da zaka kwanta bacci

Kwanciya da haske na iya janyo maka rashin samun wadataccen bacci Wanda zaisa jikinka ya huta kafin safiya,akalla ana so ka kashe wutar dakinka ko kayi nesa da wayar ka awa daya kafin kayi bacci.

4.Kada kasha nescafe ko coffee 

Nescafe da coffee na dauke da sinadarin caffeine wanda ke Hana bacci,Dan haka ba abune mai kyau ba inza ka kwanta kasha wadannan abubuwa.

5.Banda motsa jiki

Motsa jiki abune mai kyau ga lafiyar ka,Amma anfiso ayishi alokacin da yadace kamar da safe ko yamma.motsa jiki dad da zaayi bacci bashida wani amfani Kuma zai iya Hana ka samun lafiyyayan bacci.

Cutar barci cutace da ta shafi kwakwalwa, wanda me fama da wannan ciwo ze na fama da rashin barci, yin barci fiye da kima, ko kuma barci alokacin da be da ce ba.

Ire iren ciwon barci.

• 1. Insomnia(karancin bacci)

Insomnia na nufin rashin barci.

Alokacin da mutun yake dadewa kafin yafara bacci yayin da ya kwanta ko yake yawan farkawa cikin bacci yana toh Yana fama da wannan ciwo. 

  Duk kokarin da mutum ze yi dan ganin yayi barci da dare sai kaga abun ya ci tura. 

 Ana tabbatar da cewa mutun na fama da wannnan ciwo ne alokacin dayakai wajen tsahon wata guda yana fama da ciwon.

Abun dake kawo wannan matsala.

Yawancin abunda ke janyo wannan matsala sunkunshi:

1. ciwon damuwa (depression),
2. ciwon hauka, 
3. ciwon fargaba (anxiety disorders)
4. Rashin daidaita takamaimai lokacin farkawa da tashi daga bacci.
5. ciwon jiki
6. cutar sarkewar numfashi ta manya.
7. karancin sinadarin iron
8. cutar thyroid
9. ciwon parkinson
10. shaye shayen miyagun kwayoyi

2. Hypersomnia (ciwon yawan bacci)

Duk wanda ke fama da wannan ciwo yana yawan yin bacci fiye da kima,ana tabbatar wa mutun yana da wannan matsalar ne idan yakasance yawuce tsahon wata guda yana fama da wannan matsala.

abubuwan da ke jawo wannan ciwon:

• Ciwon damuwa (depression), 
• Rashin takamaiman lokacin kwanciya ko tashi daga bacci(dadewa chatting ko yin game cikin dare), 
• Fama da lalura ta dadaddan lokaci.
• Shan magungunan saka barci Kamar "long acting benzodiazepine".

3. Narcolepsy.

Mutanen dake fama da wannan ciwo na yin barci ne in da be kamata ba, wato sukan iya barci a ko ina cikin taro ne ko makamancin haka. Ma'ana barci yakan iya kufce musu a kodayaushe kuma a ko wanne irin yanayi. Sukanyi gyan-gyadi ko da acikin dakin taro ne. 

Anasamun wannan matsalar ne alokacin da sinadarin "hypocretin" Wanda yake kula da bacci acikin kwakwalwa yayi yawa.

Alamomin Cutar

• Yawan Jin bacci.
• Gane gane yayin kwanciya bacci.

 4.Tafiya yayin bacci.

Tafiya yayin bacci cuta ce ta bacci,anfi samun wannan matsalar a Yara(Yan Shekaru 4-8) da Samari.

Alamomin wannan cuta

• mutun yakan tashi yayi tafiya cikin barci batare da yasani ba(wani sa'in zai ta yawo acikin gida koma yafita waje batare da yasani ba ko Kuma yayi ta kokarin cire Kaya ko sakawa duk cikin magagin bacci)
• idan suka farka alokacin da suke wannan magagin sukan tsorata su firgice wadansu ma suyi ta ife ife.
• yawanci basa tuna wannan magagin tafiyar dasukayi idan suntashi da safe.

5.Yin mugun mafarki da firgata yayin bacci.

Amfi ganin wannan ciwo a yara Yan Shekaru 5 zuwa 6.Mutun yakan iya yi mugun mafarki Wanda zaisa ya firgita sosai.Duk Wanda yake fama da wannan matsala yanada kyau yaje yaga likita domin rubuta Mai magani.

Shawarwari.

Ga masu fama da karancin barci ka da su na yawan barcin rana, sannan suna kwanciya waje maras hayaniya sannan a kashe fitila. Rage damuwa, firgici ko bacin rai kan taimaka sosai wajen shawo kan matsalar. A daina ta'ammali da miyagun kwayoyi, ko magungunan saka barci. 

Akiyaye: shawara mafi inganci shine, idan kana/kina fama da daya daga cikin wadannan cututtukan na barci, ayi hanzarin ziyarta likitan kwakwalwa domin magani.

Cutar farfadiya cutace da ta ke sa mutun jijjiga, tana zuwa tare da yin wasu dabiu na daban da fita daga hayyaci.

 abubuwan da ke kawo wannan cuta ta farfadiya su ne kamar haka:

1.Gado 

Ana iya samun Cutar farfadiya ta hanyar gadonta daga dangi watoh alokacin da wani acikin iyayen ko dangi yake fama da wannan ciwo

2. Matsalar cikin kwakwalwa.

Matsalolin cikin kwakwalwa kamar su kansa ko tsiro acikin kwakwalwa da cutar shanyewar barin jiki kan iya jawo wannan cuta ta farfadiya.

3. Buguwa a kai

Buguwa a kai sanadiyar hadari ko wani abun kan iya kawo cutar

4. Cututtuka na infection

Cututtuka kamar irinsu sankarau,Kanjamau dasauransu kan iya haifar da wannan cuta.

5. Matsaloli lokacin haihuwa.

Jariran da suka Sha wahala wajen haihuwa,ko suka sha ruwan nakuda,da Wanda basuyi kuka ba lokacin da aka haifesu,ko Wanda sukayi zazzabi, idansu yayi ruwan dorawa ko wata cuta ta shigesu.

Hakazalika wadanda akasamu taruwar jini da ruwa a cikin kwakwalwarsu ko kuma yaro aji masa ciwo a kai yayin fito da shi duk kan iya haddasa wannan cuta.

Alamomin cutar farfadiya.

• 1. Rikicewa 
• 2. Kafewar idanuwa su kalli sama 
• 3. Jijjiga (musamman kafa da hannu).
• 4. Fita daga cikin haiyaci.
• 5. Alamomin firgici da tsoro yayin fara farfadiya 
• 6. Ganin walkiya ko haske yayin far farfadiya.
• 7. Yin amai, gudawa ko fitsari alokacin farfadiya.
• 8. Jiri da hajijiya.

Yaushe ya kamata a ga likita.

A nemi taimakon gaggawa dazarar anga daya daga cikin wadannan alamomi

• 1. Daukewar numfashi ko fita daga hayyaci bayan angama farfadiyar.
• 2. Jijjiga ko farfadiyar da ta wuce minti 5
• 3. Yin jijjiga ko farfadiya sama da sau daya a lokaci guda.
• 4. Zazzabi me zafi.
• 5. Macen da tai / take farfadiya alhanin tana da juna biyu.
• 6. Masu ciwon siga.
• 7. Wadanda suka ji ciwo ko suka bugu sosai bayan gama farfadiya.

Matsalolin da cutar farfadiya kan haddasa.

• 1. Faduwa, wanda hakan kan iya janyo karaya ko buguwa a kai
• 2. Masu cutar farfadiya wadanda suke shiga ruwa domin iyo ko wasa, akwai yuwar zasu iya nitsewa cikin ruwa idan farfadiya ta kamasu a ciki
• 3. Hadari yayin da suka Fara farfadiyar lokacin tuki.
• 4. Matsala na wajen haihuwa (ga uwa ko yaro)
• 5. Shiga matsalar damuwa (depression), wasu ma kan tunanin kashe kansu (suicide)

 Amfanin ido shine karunka Gani dashi,Kuma Gani shine rayuwa,alokacin da aka ce baka ganin komai kashiga yanayi mafi wahala a rayuwarka.

Akwai hanyoyi dazakabi cikin sauki domin kare kanka daga makanta

Yadda zaka kare kanka

1.Karunka cin abinci mai kyau

Cin abubuwa masu kyau na da matukar amfani wajen kare Kai daga makanta,duk da dai rayuwa ta Yi tsada bakowa zai iya siyan wadannan irin kayayyakin abincin ba.akwai Wanda zaka iya samu cikin sauki batare da ka kashe kudi sosai ba kamar 

• Yawan hada abinci da wake
• Cin gyada
• Saka Karas acikin abinci
• Yawan cin alayyahu da ganyayyaki
• Shan lemon Zaki Koda sau daya ne a Rana ko lemon tsami
• Cin kwai akai akai Koda kuwa ba kullun ba

2.Rage kallan waya

Allah yakawo mu zamanin da amfani da waya ya zamemana dole,akodayaushe Muna tare da wayarmu a hannu,idan kana yawan amfani da waya ko kompiyuta,Yana da kyau ka runka daukan hutun sakan ashirin bayan kowanne minti ashirin,ko ka runka daukan hutun minti goma Sha biyar bayan kowanne awa biyu dakayi kana amfani da wayarka.

Illar yawan amfani da waya batare da hutu ba sun hada da bushewar ido,Jan ido,kaikayin ido,raguwar karfin ganin ido,ciwon Kai,ciwon wuya da baya da sauransu.

3.Motsa jiki akai akai

Motsa jiki akai akai Koda yar tafiya ce ta minti talatin arana zai tàimaka maka kwarai wajen Kara karfin ganinka ta hanyar kareka daga cututtukan ido dazaka iya samu daga hawan jini,ciwon siga ko kolesterol

4.Gujewa Shan taba

Shan taba nayiwa ido mummunar illa ta hanyar kashe maka jijiyar dake kula da Gani a ido da janyo wash cututtukan ido irinsu cataract.Daina Shan taba alokaci daya nada matukar wahala kwarai da gaske Amma ahakan zakayi kokari kadaina Koda kuwa zaka shiga wani irin yanayi,akullun ka runka tunawa lafiyar jikinka itace dai farko 

5.Amfani da tabarau na ido

Amfani da tabarau nataimakawa sosai wajen Bada kariya daga mummunar lahanin d hasken Rana kewa ido,a duk lokacin da zaka fita waje saika dauko tabaranka kasaka.

6.Zuwa ganin likita akai akai

Yana da kyau ka runka zuwa ganin likitan ido akai akai ana duba lafiyar idonka domin kuwa akwai cututtuka musamman irinsu glaucoma da Basu da wata alama dazai nuna kana dauke da ita,amafi yawanci a gwaje gwajen likita a ke gano ta,Dan haka yana da kyau karunka zuwa akai akai ana duba maka lafiyar idanunka a asibiti.

Alokacin dakake fama da olsa akwai nauikan abincin da Bai kamata kanaci ba.

Cin su na Kara tsananta ciwon ko ya tayar da olsa din

Alamomin olsa dai sunkunshi:

• Zafin kirji: shine mafi muhimmancin alama kuma wanda yawancin mutane sukafi zuwa dashi.
• Zafi ko ciwon wuya da makogaro.
• Ciwo ko zafin ciki musamman saman cibiya kamar ana hura maka wuta a cikin.
• Ciwon baya
• Yawan gyatsa
• Aman jini awani sa'in musamman intayi kyamari.
• Bayan gida hade da jini ko yin bayan gida mai kalar baki
• Kasala da yin Numfashi da kyar awani sa'in

Wadannan abinci sunkunshi:

1.Shan madara

Sabon bincike yanuna cewa; madara nadaga cikin abincin dake tayar da olsa sabida yawan sinadarin 'fat' dake dauke da shi.

Hakazalika shan kindirmo na kara bada damar samarda shi acid din wanda yake qara tsanantar cutar

2.Cin soyayye ko gasasshen Abu

Cin soyayyan abinci nadaga cikin abubuwan da ke tada ko kata tsanantar olsa sabida taimakawar dasuke wajen Kara Samar da sinadarin acid aciki Wanda shine makasudin Samar da ciwon olsa.

3.kauracewa Cin Abu mai yaji

Abinci masu yaji ba abune na mai olsa ba,ko mutun zai na cinsa,sai yarunka ci kadan kadan,yaji na daga cikin abunda ke tada olsa kamar yadda cin Abu mai maiko ko tsami keyi.

4.Giya/Barasa

giya na lalata ciki dakuma duk wani sassa dake taimakawa wajen niqa abinci acikin cikin. Hakan yana kara tsannatar olsa

5.coffee dakuma lemon roba ko kwalba

Shan Coffee da lemo na kwalba na qara tsanantar olsa ta hanyar taimakawa wajen samarda sinadarin acid. 

6.shan tabar shigari

Shan tabar shigari yana haifarda matsaloli dadama wa lafiya. Aciki harda tsananta cutar olsa. 

Kiyaye wadannan nauikan abincin zai tàimaka kwarai wajen magance wannan ciwo na olsa idan aka hada da magunguna da aka bayar asibiti

Jikinmu na bukatar wadataccen jini domin gudanar da ayyukansa na yau da kullun Daga cikin aikin da jini keyi ajiki shine zagayawa da duk wani sarrafaffen abinci dakuma sauran sinadarai zuwa kowani kwayan halitta dake cikin jiki. Alokacin da jinin jikinmu yazama yayi kasa, to lallai hakan zaisa sassan jikinmu sukasa gudanar da aikinsu yadda yadace. 

Akwai abinci dadama dasuke kara yawan jini ajiki yayinda muka kasance masucinsu. 

1.Abinci masu dauke da sinadarin iron

Jinin jikinmu yana daukeda sinadarin iron mai tarin yawa. Shiyasa cin abinci dake dauke da sinadarin iron din yake kara yawan jini ajikinmu. Misalansu yahada da;

• kifi
• Hanta ko Koda
• Madara
• Fura da nono
• Jan nama
• Kwai
• naman tsuntsaye kamarsu kaji
• wake

sauran abinci da ake samosu daka kogi. 

2. Abinci masu dauke da sinadarin folic acid

 Cin abinci masu dauke da sinadarin folic acid na tàimakawa kwarai wajen Kara jini ajiki.wadannan abincin sunkunshi:

• Kwai
• Alayyahu
• Wake
• Lemon Zaki ko tsami
• Ayaba
• Hanta
• Alayyahu

3.Abinci masu dauke da sinadarin vitamin c

• timatir
• lemon Zaki ko na tsami 

Wadannan abinci Sukan taimakawa jiki yasamu hanzari wajen zuko kokuma tsamo sinadarin iron daga cikin abinci. Hakan yana nufin bayan kaci wadancan abincin masu Kara iron, yanada kyau kahada da wadannan masu daukeda sinadarin vitamin c din. 

4.Abinci masu dauke da sinadarin vitamin B12

Wadannan abincin suna karawa mutum jini ajiki, tahanyar samarda sabbin jini daga qashi ( bone marrow). 

• Misalinsu yahada da
• Jan nama
• naman tsuntsaye (kaji)
• Kwai
• Alayyahu

Wadannan abubuwa dayawa abinci ne dazaka iya samu cikin sauki.cin abinci masu Kara jini ajiki nada matukar muhimmanci wajen Gina jiki da inganta lafiya.

Istimnai nadaga cikin matsalolin dake damun matasan mu sosai.yakansa mutun shiga cikin damuwa da zullumi,wani sa'in harta Kai ga abin ya janyowa mutun matsaloli na rashin lafiya sabida damuwa

Akullun Muna karbar tambayoyi dayawa akan yadda za'a magance wannan matsala.

Illolin dayake janyowa 

Daga cikin abubuwan dazai iya janyowa sunkunshi:

1.Addiction

Yana zama addiction(ma'ana abune Wanda inkasaba bazaka iya dainawa ba)

2.Hanaka yin abubuwa muhimmi 

Daga cikin illolin Aikata wannan Abu shine hanaka yin abubuwa masu muhimmanci kamar zuwa makaranta,kasuwa ko wajen aiki sabida tunanin yadda zaka samu ka Aikata shi.

3.Rage sha'awa 

Bincike yanuna Aikata hakan na rage shaawar Yin soyayya koma aure sabida masu Aikata hakan na tunanin zasu iya biyawa kansu bukata batare da sunyi aure ba 

4.Mantuwa 

mafi yawan mutane dake Aikata wannan Abu sunce suna fama da matsalar yawan mantuwa.amma babu wani bincike na likitanci da ya tabbatar da haka 

5.Makanta 

Daga cikin matsalolin damuke yawan karba daga masu fama da wannan matsala shine suna samun raguwar Gani.

Shima babu wani bincike da ya tabbatar dahaka.amma mafi yawancin mutane na fama da wannan matsala 

6.Rashin iya gamsar da abokin tarayya 

Idan mutun na Aikata wannan Abu.akwai yiwuwar zaiyi fama da rashin iya gamsar da abokin tarayya alokacin saduwa

Magani

A hakikanin gaskia babu wani magani da zakasha yahana ka yin wannan Abu,sai dai akwai hanyoyi da zasu tàimaka sosai wajen magance wannan matsala kamar haka:

1.Kadaina yawan zama Kai kadai awaje daya

Bawai dan ance ka yanke mu'amalarka da abokan banza, saikace "nizanyi rayuwata nikadai batareda kowaba". Sam hakan shima badaidai bane. Hasalima shima zama kaikadai acikin daki zaisa kasake tunawa da abubuwanda kake kokarin kauracewa dagasu. Ba'a ta6a rasa abokan arzikiba, saiko Idan baka shirya barin wannan dabi'ar ba. 

2.ka/ki Daina boye soyayyar ka/ki ga duk Wanda kake/kike so

Mutane dadama suna kasa furta ko bayyana soyayyarsu zuwaga wadanda suke kauna, saboda wasu dalilai na rayuwa. Ta dalilin haka kuwa saisu kasa jurewa, sannan sukasance masu tunawa da wadanda sukeson harya kaiga suna samun nutsuwane tahanyar aikata wannan mummunar dabi'ar. Yi kokarin bayyana soyayyarka ga duk wacce kaji kanaso ko Wanda kikaji kinaso. A duniya akwai samu akwai kuma rashi. 

3.Daina kallan fina finai ko hotunan batsa a social media ko yanar gizo

Idan ka shiryawa barin wannan mummunar dabi'ar, tofa yazama lallai ka hana kanka da kallace-kallace musamman a yanar gizo-gizo. Shawara anan shine kayi kokarin barin kusantar duk wani Abu a yanar gizo mai dauke da wadannan hotuna dakuma video na batsa. 

4.Kayi/keyi kokarin yin aure

Amafi lokuta babbar hanya mafi sauki dazaka magance wannan matsalar shine yin aure.idan kana/kina yawan fama da wannan matsala toh ka daure kayi aure.

5.Kadage da addua

Wannan itace hanya mafi muhimmanci dazakabi danganin ka tseratar dakanka saga wannan mummunar dabi'ar. Babu abunda ya gagari MAHALICCINKA. Lallai babushi.

Gurbacewar ciki na faruwa sakamakon cin abinci Wanda ke Dauke da kwayoyin chuta ko Kuma cin abinda Wanda ke Dauke da sinadarai Wanda kwayoyin chuta suka samar. Gurbacewar ciki Abu ne Wanda ke illar ta da mutane musamman ma yara, masu ciki, da tsofaffin, wasu lokutan gurbacewar ciki na iya Barazana ga rayuwar mutum. 

Alamomin ta sun HaDa da;

• Gudawa
• amai 
• ciwon ciki
• zaxxabi.

Akwai rashin lafiyoyi da dama wanda ke da irin wannan alamomin. yadda ake Gane ce wannan alamomin sun faru ne sakamakon cin abinci shine.

Faruwar wannan alamomi lokaci kadan bayan Gama cin abinci.

Wasu Wanda suka ci wannan abincin suma susami kalar wannan alamomin.

Shidai abinci Wanda ke Dauke da kwayoyin chuta ba Gane shi ake ta ido ko DanDano ba Dan Haka Abu Mai mahimmanci shi ne a Guji abubuwa Wanda ka iya kawo kwayan cutan cikin abinci.

Yadda zaa kare kai

• Ayi kokari wajen wanke duk wani abu da aka San za ai amfani dashi gun cin abincin kamar hannu, kwanuka da sauransu.
• Duk abunda za aci atabbatar ya Dahu sosai.
• Duk abincin da aka San za aDau lokaci kafin acishi ayi kokari wajen sashi cikin fridge Wanda aka San Yana aiki
• Akwai wani abu da alikitance muke chema cross contamination Wanda ke nufin misali ayi amfani da wuka wajen yanka Danyar Doya Sannan ayi amfani da wannan wukar wajen yanka doyar bayan ta Dahu, ana so ya zamto duk abunda akai amfani da shi aDanye bashi za ai amfani dashi ba bayan abun ya Dawu.

Abunda mutum zai yi inya kamu ko wani nashi ya kamu shine, babban abunda ke illatar da mutane shine wannan ruwan da mutum ke rasa ajikin sa sakamakon amai da gudawan, don haka abun da yafi mahimmanci shine duk amai ko Gudawa Guda Daya in mutum yayi ayi kokari ahaDamasa ruwan gishiri da siga abashi yasha yadda zai koshi, Haka za atayi har akai shi zuwa ga asibiti. Daya wa mutane kafin akawo su asibiti sun galabaita wasu ma sun Fi ta daga hayyacin su sakamakon ruwan da suke rasa wa Kuma ba amayr musu dashi ta hanyar ruwan gishiri da sigan.

Cutace dake sa mutun yawan fargaba akan abun da zai faru anan gaba.Mutun yakan tsinci kansa acikin matsanancin zullumi da fargaba.

 A kalla 40% na masu ganin likitan kwakwalwa suna dauke da cutar. Bincike ya nuna a kalla 50% na yan shekara 11 suna iya samunta wanda 80% na masu shekara 20 zuwa sama suna iya kamuwa da ita.

Anfi ganin wannnan cuta a mata akan maza.

Abun dake kawo ta

 Babu takamaimai abinda yake kawo ta sai dai tana sababai wanda suka hada da:

• Takurarriyar yarinta
• Karancin arziki
• Samun me irin cutar a dangi

Ana samun wannan matsalar ne alokacin da sinadaran kwakwalwa irinsu norepinephrine,serotonine,gaba,glutamate suka samu matsala.matsaloli a caudate nucleus,amygdala,da hippocampus kan janyo wannan matsala.

Ire Iren wannan ciwon

1.faduwar gaba.

 wannan Yana zuwa acikin kankanin lokaci alokacin da mutum yana cikin bacin rai ko ma yana cikin kwanciyar hankali wani sa'in,mutun zai fuskanci alamomi kamar haka:

• bugun zuciya da karfi
• yawan gumi
• bari da kakkarwa
• ciwon kirji ko shakewa
• ciwon ciki da amai
• jin jiri
• jin kamar 
• jin kamar komai ba gaske bane ko jin kamar mutun ba ajikinsa yakeba.
• tsoron mutuwa.

2.Fargaba alokacin da mutun ya shiga taron jama'a.

  Mutanen da ke fama da wannan nau'in ciwo na fargaba ne tsoron shiga taron jama'a.

Aduk lokacin da mutun yashiga jamaa yakan rasa samun sukuni da nutsuwa,hakan kansa mutun kin shiga cikin jama'a.

3.fargaba na abubuwan dake muhalli.

  wannan yana da alaka da tsananin fargaba ga wasu abubuwa da suke kusa da mutum a muhalli wanda yakan iya ganin su lokaci bayan lokaci.wadannan abubuwan sun hada da dabbobi,jini da sauransu.Mutanen dake fama da wannan nau'in sukan shiga zulummi alokacin da suka ga daya daga cikin wadannan abubuwan.

misali matsanancin tsoro alokacin da mutun yaga kadangare,miciji ko yayin da mutun yahau gada ko bene.

Alamomin sa sun kunshi;

• matsanancin tsoro alokacin da mutun yaga wani abu.
• shiga cikin zullumi ta yadda wani sa'in mutun yarasa dailin haka
• tsoron yakan hanashi gudanar da alamuran rayuwarsa.

4.fargaba da Damuwa sabida abinda mutane zasuce:

Mutun yakan shiga damuwa da fargaba sabida abunda mutane zasu fada idan ya aikata wani abu.wannan zaisa mutum yakiyin abin saboda kar ya jamasa kunya(misali tsoron yin magana a bainar jama'a)

5.Fargaba da tsoro akan duk wasu alamura na rayuwa.

mutanen dake fama da wannnan nau'in kan shiga cikin zullumi akan kusan komai na rayuwarsu kama daga aiki,auratayya,iyali,lafiya da sauransu.

Me yakamata mutun yayi?

Idan kana fama da wannan matsala,kasani cewa ba Kai kadai bane Kuma ana maganin ta a asibiti.

Akwai magunguna na tsoro da Wanda zasu cire maka damuwa da likita zai baka bayan ya tabbatar kana dauke da Wannan ciwo na fargaba.

Anan basai munbata lokaci wajen kwatance kwatancen tafurnuwa ba,kusan aba ce sananniya.

Na tabbata bayan karanta wannan Dan gajeran rubutun bazaka/kiso Rana daya tawuce batare da ka/kinyi amfani da itaba sabida dunbun ni'imar da albarkatu dayake tattare da ita.

Amafanin tafarnuwa ajikin Dan Adam

1.Amfaninta gamasu hawan jini.

Sababbin bincike yanuna cewa mutanen da ke cin tafarnuwa kimanin 600mcg zuwa 650mg a rana Kan iya samun daidaiton hawan jininsu Kamar yadda maganin hawan jini zaidaidaita musu shi!.

Hakazalika wandanda suke yawan cin ta akullun kansamu kariya daga kamuwa da hawan jini,harsashen wani bincike.

2.Maganin Mura.

Shin kana yawan fama da mura?bincike yanuna tafarnuwa kantaimaka wajen magance mura sosai.Idan kana fama da mura Fara cin tafarnuwa kafin Shan wani magani.

3.kariya daga kamuwa da ciwon zuciya.

Yawan amfani da tafarnuwa Kan taimaka wajen bada kariya da kamuwa da ciwon zuciya.yakan taimaka wajen rage yawan cholesterol a jiki da daidaita hauhawar jini.

4.kara tsayin rayuwa.

Bincike yanuna cewa mutanen dake yawan cin tafarnuwa sunfi dadewa a duniya idan ka kwatantasu da Wanda basaci.ita dai tafarnuwa na dauke da "antioxidants" dayawa wanda suke taimakawa kwayoyin halittar jiki yaki da wasu abubuwa dakan iya Cutar dasu watoh "free radicals".

Alamomi dake nuna jikinka na fuskantar karancin sinadarai

Domin gudanar da aikinsa na yau da kullun yadda yakamata cikin lafiya,jiki na bukatar wasu sinadarai daga abinci dazai yi amfani dasu wajen gudanar da wadannan ayyukan.

Alokacin da baya samun wadannan sinadaran yakan fuskanci wasu matsaloli daka iya janyo wata cuta ko ciwo.

Daga cikin alamomin karancin sinadarai sunkunshi:

1.Alamomi a Gashin kai.

karancin sinadarai kamar su vitamin B12,B complex na iya sa tsistsinkewa da zubar gashi,furfura da wuri da dai wasu matsaloli na gashi.

2.Alamomi a ido

Idan idonka na yawan yin ja,ciwo,kwantsa,ko ganinka na raguwa,toh akwai yiwuwar kana fuskantar karancin sinadarai irin su vitamin A.akwai cututtuka na ido dayawa daka iya kawo maka wadannan alamomin,Dan haka ba karancin sinadarai ne kadai mai Saka wadannan abubuwa ba.

Cin Karas akai akai,kabewa,timatir,kwai,kifi,dankalin turawa,hanta da dai sauransu zai iya magance maka wannan matsala.

3.Alamomi A baki

gyanbon Baki da tsagewar Baki alamomune dake nuna cewa jikinka na fuskantar karancin sinadarai.

Gyanbo ko kurarrajin Baki na iya yiwuwa kana fuskantar karancin sinadarai kamar su vitamin c.

Abubuwan dazasu iya kawo maka wannan matsala bayan karancin sinadarai sunkunshi:Ciwon candidiasis,ciwon siga,ciwon hiv,yawan Shan magunguna na Sha ka fashe.

Zaka iya magance wannan matsala ta hanyar Shan kayan itace masu dauke da sinadarin vitamin c kamar lemon Zaki ko na tsami

4.Dashewar fuska.

Karancin sinadarai ajiki kamar su folic acid da vitamin B12 Wanda Ake amfani dasu wajen Samar da kwayoyin halitta na jini ka iyasa fuskanka ta dashe.dashewar fuska alamane na karancin jini ajiki.

5.Yawan kasala da ciwon jiki.

Hakan na iya nuni da cewa kana fuskantar karancin jini da sinadarai kamar su sodium,potassium,chloride da dai sauransu ajiki.

Zaka iya magance wannan matsala ta hanyar cin abubuwa kamar ayaba,kankana,kwai,Madara,nama,waken suya,shinkafa da dai sauransu.

6.Yawan ciwo ko zafi a kashin jiki

Yawan zafin Kashi na iya yiwuwa jikinka na fuskantar karancin sinadarai na calcium.

Zaka iya magance wannan matsalane ta hanyar cin abinci masu dauke da shi sinadarin kamar su Madara,awara,lemon Zaki,wake,wajen suya,kobewa,kwai da dai sauransu.

7.Raguwar kaifin basira

Alokacin dakake fama da karancin sinadarai,basirarka na iya raguwa.

Abincin dazasu tàimaka maka wajen Kara basira sunkunshi:kwai,kifi,kabewa,coffee,kayan Miya,man kwakwa,lemo,dark chocolate da dai sauransu.

8.Matsaloli na fata

Yaushi,bushewa da rashin kyan fata nada alaka da karancin sinadarai ajiki.

Cin abubuwa kamar kifi,kwai,man kwakwa,man zaitun,lemon Zaki,Karas,green tea duk na tàimakawa wajen gyaran fata.

9.Rashin girma

Rashin girma na daga cikin alamomin karancin sinadarai,alokacin dabakasamun isassun sinadarai da zasu Gina maka jiki toh ba makawa jikinka zai zauna inda yake ba cigaba

Anan zamuyi Dan kankanin tsokaci game da amfanin Shan ruwa sosai ajiki.

1.Amfanin sa ga lafiyar koda

Shan ruwa sosai yana rage yawan tsakuwar cikin koda a jikin wadanda daman tuni suke da ita.

Shan ruwa akai akai a Rana Kan kare mutun daga kamuwa da ciwon Koda musamman wadanda suke Zama a garuruwa masu zafi.

2.Amfaninsa ga kwakwalwa

Shan ruwa yana da matukar amfani ga kwakwalwa.yana taimakawa wajen Kara karfin kwakwalwa,nazari da tunani,sannan yakan taimaka wajen rage yiwuwar kamuwa da cututtukan tsufa mussaman cututtukan mantuwa.

3.Maganin ciwon kai

Bincike yanuna cewa yawan Shan ruwa Kan taimaka sosai wajan bada kariya da kuma warkar da ciwon kai.

Amafi lokuta karancin ruwa ajiki shike janyo yawan ciwon Kai da kasala,Shan ruwa akai akai Kan taimaka sosai wajen magance shi.

4. Yana sa shekin fata

Shan ruwa sosai yana gyara launin fata tare da sanyata walwa da walkiya,yakan hana fata bushewa da yin yaushi.

Duk mutumin da kesan fatarsa tarunka sheki sosai toh yakamaceshi da yarunka Shan ruwa sosai

5.Yana taimakawa wajen narka abinci dakyau.

Shan ruwa Kan taimaka wajen saurin narkar da abinci.musamman idan ana Shan shi minti 30 kafin cin abinci,ko da zarar mutun yatashi daga bacci.

6.Kariya da ciwon siga da hawan jini.

Bincike yanuna cewa mutanen dake Shan ruwa sosai suna da karancin kamuwa da ciwon siga da hawan jini idan aka kwatantasu da Wanda basa Sha.

7.Kariya daga ciwon Kansa ko daji

Bincike yatabbatar da cewa Mutanen dake Shan ruwa sosai nada karancin kamuwa da Kowacce iriyar kansa.

Shin kanaso ka kare kanka daga kansa? Toh ka Fara Shan ruwa akai akai.!!

8.Kariya daga ciwon zuciya

Shin kanasan Kare kanka daga ciwon zuciya? toh ka Fara Shan ruwa akai akai.

9.Rage kitse da teba ajiki.

Ga duk mutumin da kesan rage kiba toh yakamaceshi da yarunka yawan Shan ruwa musamman minti 30 kafin cin abinci.

Yanzu fada mana dalilin dayasa bazaka/ki runka Shan ruwa akai akai ba akullun!!!!

Sami Kofi ka debo ruwa kasha abunka,ruwa maganine!!!

Ciwon ciki alamane na cututtuka dayawa.sannan wani sa'in yakanbukaci taimakon gaggawa Wanda idan ba adau mataki dawuriba kansa mutun yarasa ransa.

Dan haka idan kana fama da ciwon ciki kowanne iri karkasake kayi Wasa wajen Neman magani.

Yadda zaka Gane wacce cuta ke kawo maka ciwon ciki a Saman cibiya

Idan kana yawan fama da ciwon ciki daga saman cibiya,zai iya yiwuwa kana daya daga cikin wadannan cututtukan kamar:

1.ulsa

Ulsa nadaga cikin cututtukan dake kawo ciwon ciki sosai.mutun zainajin kamar ana busamai wuta a cikin cikinsa.sannan wani sa'in takanzo tare da ciwon baya.

2.Ciwon Gerd

Ciwon Gerd kanzo da ciwo ko zafin kirji.ciwon na tsananta ne alokacin da mutun yakwanta a kishingide, sannan Wani sa'in mutun zainajin Kamar abinci natsaya Mai a makogaro,masu wannan ciwo kan koka da yadda wani bakin su ke wari insunyi magana

3.(kansar ciki) Gastric cancer.

Wannan ciwon anfi ganinsa a masu Shekaru sama da 60,bayan ciwon ciki yakanzo da kumburin ciki,kasala,rashin San cin abinci da rama

4.Ciwon Duwatsun matsarmama.

Wannan ciwo na zuwa da :

Azababban murdawar ciki Wanda idan yafara mutun yakanjishi har zuwa bayan kafadarsa Sannan Idon mutun kan koma ruwan dorawa ko Kore(jaundice)

5.Ciwon kumburin matsarmama

Wannan ciwo Shima yakanzo da ciwon ciki tare da canzawar kalar Ido zuwa ruwan dorawa(jaundice)

6.kumburin saifa

Wannan ciwo kanzo da:

 ciwon ciki Wanda mutun kanjishi har zuwa bayan sa.ciwon cikin kanyi sauki alokacin da mutun yazauna 

7.Ciwon toshewar magudanar jini ta zuciya 

Bayan ciwon ciki, yakanzo da:

Nauyin kirji ko Ciwon kirji sosai,mutun yakanji Kamar ana matse Mai kirji Ciwon kanyi yawo zuwa wuya,kafada da hannaye musamman na hagu,sannan yakan lafa idan mutun ya Dan huta

9.nimoniya

Mutun Mai fama da Nimoniya kanzo da tari,haki da zazzabi da ciwon kirji.

Meyakamata kayi?

Yakamata kaje kaga likita domin ayi cikakken bincike agano matsalar

Binciken da likita zai iyaba kayi Yadanganta da abun da likita ke tunanin shike kawo maka wannan matsalar.

1.upper GI endoscopy

 alokacin da likita ketunanin ulsa,kansar makogaro da ciki ne ke kawo maka wannan matsalar.

2.ultrasound scan of gallbladder and biliary ducts

 idan likita na zargin acute cholecystitis ko acute cholangitis.

3.ECG 

alokacin daa likita ke tunanin matsalar zuciya ke kawoma ciwon cikin.

4.serum amylase da ultrasound scan of pancreas 

idan likita na zargin acute pancreatitis.

5.Hotan kirji 

domin ganin lafiyar zuciya da huhu.

6.full blood count 

domin sanin ko mutun nada karancin jini a jiki.

7.E/UR/CR

 Dan ganin lafiyar Koda

Magani yadanganta da Abun da likita yagano.

Yanada kyau inzaka ci shi ka dafa shi.

Cin soyayye ko gasasshe bashi da wani amfani ga lafiya.

Gasasshen nama na dauke da sinadarai masu cutarwa waɗanda zasu iya ƙara haɗarin kamuwa da cututtukan daji watoh kansa.

Bincike na likitanci yanuna cewa mutanen dake yawan cin abincin da aka gasa ko aka Sarrafa shi da hayaki na iya janyo cututtuka dayawa.

Illolin shin gasasshen mana

Daga cikin illolinsa akwai cututtuka na daji,ciwon siga,shanyewar barin jiki,olsa da dai sauransu.

• Ciwon kansar hanji da ciki : Yawan cin gasasshen nama nada alaka ga saurin kamuwa da kansar hanji musamman babban hanji da ciki abunda Bincike ya nuna. Kansar ciki nadaga cikin cututtukan daji dasukafi kashe mutane a duniya.

• Ciwon olsa : Daga cikin abubuwan da Ke kawo olsa shine cin abunda aka fada ko aka Babb aka shi da hayaki. Hayaki nadaga cikin abubuwan dake yawan samar da acid acikin ciki. Idan kana da olsa yawan cin Abu mai hayaki na iya tada maka da ita.

• Shanyewar barin jiki da ciwon siga: Yawan cin gasasshen Nama na iya janyo wadannan cututtuka na shanyewar barin jiki da ciwon siga da wasu cututtuka ma dayawa.

Yawan Cin Jan nama kadai shima nada nasa illolin,masana sundangantashi da cututtuka na zuciya,shanyewar barin jiki,kansar ‘prostrate’ a maza da dai sauransu.

Yakamata mu runka lura da abubuwan damukeci domin samun zama da jikin mu lafiya

Abubuwan dake kawo wannan matsala sunkunshi:

• 1.Sanyin mafitsara
• 2.Rashin karfi na tsokar mazaunin mafitsara da mahaifa a mata
• 3.Zazzagowar mahaifa a mata 
• 4.Yoyon fitsari a mata
• 5.kumburin 'prostrate' a Maza

ME YAKAMATA KAYI?

Zuwa asibiti shine abun dayafi dacewa.alokacin dakaje asibiti ana iya baka gwaje gwaje kamar haka:

• 1.urine mcs
• 2.urinalysis
• 3.urodynamic studies
• 4.Ultrasound scan of prostrate
• 5.PSA

wannan gwaje gwajen zasu taimaka wajen gano asalin meke kawo wannan matsala,Wanda hakan zai tàimaka wajen magance ta.

Magani asibiti akeyi Kuma yadanganta da abun dake kawoshi.

A hakikanin gaskia wannan cuta anfi samunta a mata da Mutanen da mafitsarar su ta Toshe.

,Yin amfani da robar fitsari ( catheter ),wanke wajen Kashi kafin na fitsari,Saduwa da mutane daban daban duk Kan iya janyo wannan ciwo.

Hakazalikaa ana yawan samun wannan ciwon a matan da al'adar su tadauke,mutanen dake da Matsalar mafitsara tun lokacin haihuwa ( congenital ) da Wadanda ke fama da cututtuka masu karya garkuwar jiki Kamar ciwon kanjamau,siga,tarin fuka da yawan amfani da magunguna Kamar irinsu antibiotics.

YADDA ZAKA GANE KO KANA DASHI:

Idan har kana da wadannan Alamomin toh kana wannan cuta:

• 1.Yawan fita fitsari musamman da daddare(tashi sama da sau biyu acikin dare)
• 2.Jin Zafi yayin fitsari 
• 3.Rashin iya rike fitsari idan ya matseka
• 4.Ganin jini a cikin fitsari
• 5.Ciwon ciki ko mara
• 6.Amai da tashin zuciya
• 7.Zazzabi
• 8.Ciwon kugu da baya da sauransu.

IllOLLIN DA SANYIN MAFITSARA ZAI IYA JANYO MAKA

• 1. Ciwon koda : Ciwon Koda nadaga cikin manyan matsalolin da sanyin mafitsara ke kawowa musamman Wanda baisamu isasshen kulawaba.
• Yana da kyau idan anga wadannan alamomin ayi gaggawar neman magani.
• 2. Rubewar wani bangare na koda
• 3.Duwatsun Koda
• 4.karancin ruwa da jini a jiki
• 5.Zazzabi mara tafiya

Da zarar kaji alamomin cutar, a tuntubi likita

MAGANI

Maganin sanyin mafitsara a asibiti akeyinsa.likita zaibaka gwaje gwaje Wanda zasu tàimaka wajen magance wannan matsala cikin sauki kamar haka:

• 1.Gwajin fitsari na mcs
• 2.Gwajin fitsari na urinalysis
• 3.FBC
• 4.E/U/CR

Likita zai Dora ka akan magunguna na tsawon sati biyu.

Shawarwari dazasu tàimaka maka

• 1. Yawan shan ruwa akalla Lita 2 ko sama da haka arana
• 2. Yin bawali kafin kwanciya ko da za rar an sadu da iyali
• 3. Tsaftar muhalli ( musamman bandaki )
• 4. Ka da mutum ya na rike Kaashi ko fitsari cikin mara, da zarar anji fitsari a je a yi
• 5.Wanke wajen fitsari kafin wajen Kaashi

• 1.Rashin girma da saurin tsufa
• 2.zubar gashi da saurin furfura
• 3.karancin jini ajiki
• 4.Raguwar Gani
• 5.Raguwar kaifin basira
• 6.Matsaloli na fata
• 7.Yawan kasala da ciwon jiki da dai sauransu

Abincin dazasu taimaka

Cin abinci kamar wake,waken suya,shinkafa,dankali,doya da dai sauransu,kwai,nama

Kayan Miya kamar timatir,kubewa,kabewa,citta,tafarnuwa,kuka da dai sauransu

Mai kamar man ja,man zaitun, man kwakwa.

Kayan itace kamar lemon tsaki,cocumber,Karas,ayaba,abarba,mangwaro,dabino da dai sauransu.

Wadannan abubuwa duk zaa iya samu cikin sauki

????Meke kawo basir?

 Babu wani taka mai-man abinda yake kawo basir saidai ana alakanta shi da abubuwa kamar:

• 1.Rashin yin bayan gida ko yawan rike bayan gida.
• 2.juna biyu.
• 3.Masu Shekaru sama da 45.
• 4.Cin abinci mara sinadarin “fibre”
• 5.Yawan yunkuri
• 6.Kiba 
• 7.Tiyata a ciki ko dubura
• 8.Yawan daukan abu mai nauyi.
• 9.Masu fama da cututtukan huhu
• 10.Yawan Tari
• 11.yawan tsayawa a tsaya
• 12.Yawan zama waje daya 
• 13.Saduwa ta dubura 

????Alamomin basir

 Mafi shahara daga ciki sun hada da:

• 1.Zazzagowar dubura.
• 2.Fitar jini ta dubura.
• 3.Zafi a dubura.
• 5.Kai-kayin dubura.
• 6.rashin samun gamsasshen saduwa.
• 7.yin kashi mai tauri ko yawan kashi.
• 8.Yakan fito wajen dubura alokacin dayakai wani mataki

????Maganin basir

Alokacin da kaji wadannan alamomin na basir Yana da kyau dakaje asibiti adubaka.a asibiti akwai bincike da zaayi kamar haka kafin afara magani.

• 1.hotunan dubura(colonoscopy,proctoscopy).
• 2.Gwajin swab mcs 
• 3.Gwajin jini(FB)

Magani yadanganta da girman basir din ko matakin sa kamar haka:

• ✔Akwai basir mara tsiro wanda baya fitowa wajen dubura.
• ✔Akwai mai tsiro wanda yake fitowa amma yana komawa dakansa basai ammayar dashi ba
• ✔Akwai wanda inyafito sai an mayar da shi watoh baya komawa da Kansa
• ✔Akwai Wanda inyafito baya komawa Koda kuwa an mayar da shi

Daga mataki na daya zuwa na uku :

Maganin mataki na daya zuwa na uku sun hada da:

1. magunguna na kwaya: 

Ana Shan magunguna irinsu 

• Daplon
• Nitroglycerin
• Antibiotics
• Maganin kashe zafi(Nsaids)
• Maganin saka kashi laushi(laxatives)

2.Shiga ruwan gishiri:

shiga cikin ruwan gishiri na akullun da safe da yamma na tàimakawa kwarai wajen warkar da basir.zaasamu ruwa mai Dan dumi kadan ba sosai ba sai adebo gishiri cikin hannu azuba acikin ruwan dumin sannan arunka shiga ciki.

idan magani na kwaya da shiga ruwan gishi baiyi aiki ba ana iyayin wadannan abubuwa a asibiti:

• 1.Rubber Band ligation
• 2.Laser therapy
• 3.Electrocoagulation therapy
• 4.Cryosurgery

 Ana yin tiyata ne(stepple hemorrhoidectomy) Idan:

 1.wadancan abubuwan da muka lissafo basuyiwa mara lafiya amfani ba,ma'ana Basu warkar masa da basir din ba.

2.Idan basir din yakai mataki na hudu(watoh yafito waje Kuma baya komawa)

????Shawarwari

• 1.Da zarar mutun yaji kashi toh yana da kyau mutun yaje yayishi.rike kashi kan iya janyo wannan cuta ta basir.
• 2.Yawan cin abinci masu dauke da sinadir 'fiber' kamar alkama,wake,spageti,dankali,biredi,lemon zagi,piya,ayaba,tuffa,karas da sauransu.
• 3.Yawan shan ruwa akai akai yana taimakawa matuka 
• 4.Rage daukan abubuwa masu nauyi.
• 5.ziyarar likita akai akai da bin kaidojin da ya gindaya

Yawan Cholesterol ajiki nada matukar illa ga lafiyarka Amma amafi lokuta baya nuna wata alama daza agane yawansa ajiki da wuri har saiyakai ga yiwa mutun illa.

Cholesterol na janyo ciwo?

Ciwon hawan jini,ciwon zuciya,ciwon shanyewar barin jiki da wasu cututtuka na magudanar jini.

Abubuwan dake iya nuna yawansa acikin jini zasu iya kasncewa daya daga cikin wadannan:

• 1.idan kana da kiba sosai sannan kana da ciwon siga,toh akwai yiwuwar kana dauke da cholesterol sosai ajiki.
• 2.fitowar manyan kurarraji ajiki masu laushi(xanthomas)
• 3.Rashin haihuwa a Maza
• 4.Ciwon kirji,wahalar numfashi.
• 5.Yawan kasala
• 6.Rashin warkewar ciwo ko gyanbo da wuri

Kaikayin tafin hannu alamane na cututtuka kamar na fata da wasu manyan ciwoka irinsu ciwon siga.

Abubuwan da ke iya janyo maka kaikayin tafin hannu sun kunshi:

1.lokacin sanyi

2.Ciwon eczema na hannu

3.Ciwon siga

4.Taba wani Abu mai illa da hanun(kemical,sabulu ko Omo mai karfi,safar asibiti dadai sauransu)

8.Ciwon jijiya

9.Ciwon fata na psoriasis 

Amfani da moisturizer akai akai,Saka kankara a hannu lokacin da ya ke kaikayi,amfani da magani na shafawa watoh "topical steroid" duk kan iya taimakawa wajen magance shi.

Mafi muhimmanci dai shine aje asibiti domin likita ya bincike sosai.

Likitan da ya rubuta:Dr Ibrahim (MBBS)

Siga sinadari ne da jiki ke bukatar shi wajen gudanar da ayyukansa na yau da kullun.

Amma idan yayi yawa yakan iya Haifar da matsaloli dayawa kamar ciwon siga,hawan jini,ciwon zuciya,Shanyewar barin jiki,Rashin haihuwa,karuwar yawan cholesterol ajiki, da dai sauransu.

Idan har kana Jin wadannan alamomi toh ba makawa jikinka nafama da hauhawar siga.

Alamomin sunkunshi:

✅1.yawan Jin yunwa da karuwar nauyin jiki.

Idan har kana fama da wannan matsala,zakana Jin yunwa akusan Koda yaushe tare da karuwar nauyin jiki da Tara teba mara amfani.

✅2.Yawan kasala da rashin kuzari

Idan har kanajin yawan kasala da rashin kuzari akusan Koda yaushe,toh ka duba cimar ka,aduk lokacin dakake cin abinci masu dauke da sinadarin siga kawai toh bamakawa zaka fuskanci wannan matsala.

✅3.Yawan fitsari

Yawan fitsari nadaga cikin alamomin ciwon siga,mutun zaina fitsari ba dare ba Rana.

✅4.Rashin warkewar ciwo da wuri 

Hauhawar siga ajiki na dukufar da aikin garkuwar jiki Wanda hakan zai janyo rashin warkewar ciwo da wuri.

✅5.Kankancewar gaba da rashin gamsar da abokin saduwa.

Kankancewar gaba da rashin Jin dadin saduwa da abokin tarayya nadaga cikin matsalolin da masu ciwon siga ke fuskanta.

✅6.Bushewar fata da fitowar kurarraji

Yaushi,kurarraji,gyanbon fata nadaga cikin alamomin yawan sinadarin siga aciki.

✅7.Rashin daidaiton hawan jini inkana dashi

Idan har kana fama da hawan jini Wanda baya Jin magani,toh kaduba cimarka.

Yawan siga ajiki na Hana hawan jini ya daidaita Koda kuwa mutun na bin ka'ida na Shan magani

MEYAKAMATA KAYI?

Idan kana fama da wannan matsala yakamata kadage kayi wadannan abubuwa:

1.Cin abinci kamar sau uku a Rana.

2.Motsa jiki akai akai akallah na minti 30

 akullun Koda yar tafiya ce a kafa.

3.Rage Shan lemon kwalba Dana roba 

4.A runka yawan cin kayan itace

Dr Abdulmalik (MBBS)

Faduwar gaba alamane na ciwon zuciya da wasu cututtuka da dama,amma amafi lokuta yakanfaru batare da mutun yana dauke da wata cuta ba.

mutane kan shiga cikin zullumi da damuwa alokacin da sukaji gabansu na faduwa sosai,musamman ma idan sukaji zuciyarsu na bugawa da karfi a kirjinsu,makogaronsu ko a wuyansu,amma amafi lokuta wannan ba matsala bane Kuma yakan tafi dakansa batare da mutun yasha wani maganiba.

Yana da kyau musani ba akodayaushe yake zama matsala ba.

Meke kawo yawan bugun zuciya?

Zaka/ki iya fuskantar wannan matsala ta faduwar gaba idan kana/kina da daya daga cikin wadannan abubuwan da zamu zayyano su akasa:

1.yawan tara gajiya 

2.yawan shan Kofi(nescafe),giya ko cin goro

3.yawan yin aiki batare da samun isasshen hutu ba

4.Fama da cututtukan zuciya(bayan faduwar gaba mutun kan fuskanci kumburin kafa,Haki,yawan kasala,rashin San cin abinci da sauransu in har Yana da ciwon zuciya)

5.Macen dake dauke da ciki,ko take jinin al'ada ko lokacin da ta daina jinin al'ada na manyanta(menapause)

6.Karancin jini,ruwa ko siga ajiki.

7.karancin sinadarai masu gina jiki.

8.Fama da ciwon fargaba na kwakwalwa(anxiety disorder)

9.Shan magungunan gargajiya 

10.Ciwon thyroid

Likitan da ya rubuta:Dr Abdullahi(MBBS)

Ciwon jiki alamane na ciwuka da yawa,wani sa'in ma har cututtukan da za su iya yin ajalin mutun in ba a dau kwakkwaran mataki da wuri ba.

Ire Iren wadannan ciwukan jikin da Bai kamata kayi wasa da su ba sun kunshi:

✅1.Ciwon kirji mai yawo.

Irin wannan ciwon kirjin alamane na cututtuka na zuciya masu hatsari (kamar su ischemic heart diseases).

Alokacin da kaji kamar ana matse maka kirji ko kamar an Dora maka Abu mai nauyi akan kirjin,sannan bai tsaya iya Nan ba,Yana zuwa har gefen kafadunka da wuya,toh kayi kokarin daukan kwakkwaran mataki akanshi ta hanyar ziyartar likita,likitan ma kwararre.

✅2.Ciwon Kai mai farawa lokaci daya.

Alokacin da kaji kafara ciwon Kai lokaci guda mai matsanancin ciwo da radadi toh kasan cewa wannan alamane dake nuni da fashewar magudanar jini acikin kanka.

Rashin daukan mataki da wuri zai iya sa Taruwar jini acikin kwakwalwa da mutuwa lokaci daya.

✅3.Ciwon hakori.

Alokacin dakake fama da matsanan cin ciwon hakori,Yana da kyau da kaje kaga likitan hakori watoh"dentist" a asibiti domin Neman magani.wasa da irin wannan ciwo ka iya sa ka kamu da ciwon zuciya agaba.

✅4.Mata masu Jin zafi ko ciwo lokacin saduwa.

Wannan alamane na Kansar bakin mahaifa

Musamman inkina fitar da jini bayan saduwar.

✅5.Azababban Ciwon ciki a dan kankanin lokaci.

Wannan alamane na cututtuka masu hadari kamar fashewar hanji,Duwatsun Koda,fashewar appendix,fashewar mahaifa da dai sauransu.rashin daukar mataki da wuri zai iya sa mutun ya rasa rayuwarsa.

✅6.Ciwon kafafu.

Ciwon kafafu musamman tare da kumburi alamane na cutar magudanar jini watoh"DVT" wannan ciwo na da matukar hatsari.

Alokacin dakake fama da ciwon kafa bayan kayi doguwar tafiya,ko bayan anyi maka tiyata,ko bayan kayi doguwar jinya,sannan a mata Kuma inkina Shan maganin tsarin iyali toh afara tunanin wannan ciwo.

Ciwon zuciya ciwone Wanda kesa zuciya ta kumbura takasa aikin datasaba na tura jini zuwa sassa daban daban na jiki.

Alokacin da mutun yakamu da ciwon zuciya,zai runka Jin wadannan alamomin kamar haka:

1.Hakin dare

2.Hakin rigingine

3.kumburin kafofi biyu

4.yawan kasala

5.Tari

6.ciwon kirji

7.faduwar gaba

Shin kana fama da daya daga cikin wadannan?

3.ZAFIN FITSARI

Zafin fitsari ko Jin ciwo lokacin yin fitsari alamace dake nuni da cututtuka dayawa musamman ma na mafitsara,mahaifa(a mata) da Koda.

Meke kawoshi

1.Sanyin mafitsara

sanyin mafitsara sanyi ne dake shafar mafitsararka,idan kana dashi,toh zaka runka yawan fita fitsari akoda yaushe musamman da daddare(sau biyu zuwa uku).alamominsa sun hada da:

 Yawan fitsari

Tashi da daddare yin fitsari(tashi cikin dare sama da sau biyu)

Jin zafi lokacin yin fitsari

Ganin jini acikin fitsari

Ciwon gefen ciki bayan ciwon mara

mutun na kamuwa da sanyin mafitsara alokacin da aka samu kumburi ko kwayar cuta tashiga cikin mafitsara.

mata sunfi saurin kamuwa da wannan ciwo akan maza.

Hakazalika masu ciki da Wanda al'adar su ta dauke suna da saurin yiwuwar kamuwa da wannan ciwo

2.Sanyin da ake dauka ta hanyar saduwa:

Zaka iya Jin zafi alokacin dakake fitsari idan kana da sanyi wanda ake dauka ta hanyar saduwa.

Daga cikin sanyin da ake dauka ta hanyar saduwa dake kawo zafin fitsari sunkunshi herpes, gonorrhea, da Chlamydia.

Alamomin sa sune:

Jin zafi lokacin saduwa musamman amata

Fitar ruwa ta gaba

Yawan fitsari

Ganin jini acikin fitsari

Kurajen gaba

3.Sanyin prostrate(Prostatitis):

Daga cikin cututtukan dake kawo zafin fitsari akwai prostititis, wato kumburin prostrate,ana samun prostrate ne a maza kadai.Amfanin 'prostate' ajiki shine karawa "sperm cells(maniyyi)" sinadaran dasuke bukata,wanda rashin hakan kan iya janyo "Rashin haihuwa a maza".

Alamomin sa sune:

Fitsarin jini

Ganin jini a cikin maniyyi na maza

Jin zafi lokacin saduwa a Maza

4.Sanyin mara(cystitis):

Cikin abubuwan dake kawo zafin fitsari shine kumburin mara(bladder). 

Alamomin kumburi ko sanyin mara sun kunshi :

yawan fita fitsari  

ciwon mara musamman idan antaba marar da hannu.

Mutun na kamuwa da wannan ciwon ne alokacin da Kwayar cuta tashiga cikin mara.

5.Sanyin tantanin mafitsara(Urethritis):

urethritis yana nufin sanyi ko kumburin makwaroron fitsari, urethritis na janyo zafin fitsari da yawan Jin San fita yin fitsari.

Mutun na kamuwa da wannan sanyin ne alokacin da Kwayar cuta tashiga cikin tantanin mafitsara

6.Sanyin Epididymis:

Jin zafi lokacin fitsari zai iya kasancewa sabida wannan ciwo, wanda sanyi ne dake shafar mazaunin "sperm cells(maniyyi) acikin marena(epididymitis) yake kawoshi.

Alamomin sa sune:

Ciwon marena

Jin zafi lokacin saduwa a maza

7.Sanyin mahaifa:

sanyin mahaifa watoh "pid" na shafar duk wani bangare na mahaifa tundaga kan bakin mahaifa,cikin mahaifa,hannun mahaifa da Kwan mahaifa.

Alamominsa sunkunshi:

ciwon mara

Kaikayin gaba

Fitar da ruwa ta gaba

jin zafi lokacin saduwa

zafin fitsari 

8.Toshewar mafitsara (Obstructive uropathy):

Wannan ciwo ne da yake faruwa alokacin da aka samu wani abu ya toshe magudanar fitsari acikin mafitsara . abubuwan dake kawo wannan matsala suna da yawa.

Alamomin sa sunkunshi:

Rashin iya yin fitsari

Yawan fita fitsari

Rashin iya rike fitsari

Kumburin kafa da fuska

9.Duwatsun koda:

Mutun kan iya fuskantar wahalar yin fitsari idan yana da duwatsun koda.duwatsun Koda wadansu duwatsu ne dake fitowa a Koda daga daskarewar datti da gishiri dake cikin Koda.

Alamomin sa sun kunshi:

Yawan fitsari

Azababban ciwon mara

Ciwo a gefen mara Wanda yake zuwa har cinya

Rashin iyayin fitsari

10.Magunguna:

Shan Magunguna kamar su estrogen, magungunan ciwon damuwa, magunguna na ciwon jiki da dai sauransu kan iya janyo zafin fitsari.

YAUSHE YAKAMATA KAGA LIKITA?

1.idan zafin fitsarin yaki tafiya 

2.idan mace nadauke da juna biyu 

3.Idan zafin fitsarin yazo tare da zazzabi 

4.Idan yazo tare da fitar ruwa daga al'aura 

5.Idan fitsarin ya canza kala ya koma ja ko baki ko Kuma fitsarin na wari. 

6.Idan zafin fitsarin yazo tare da ciwon ciki 

7.Idan dawatsu sun fito acikin fitsarin 

MAGANIN ZAFIN FITSARI 

Abu mafi muhimmanci shine afara sanin me ke kawomaka wannan matsala,idan har angano inda matslar take toh komai zaizo da sauki.

Za a iya baka wadannan gwaje gwajen a asibiti domin gano meke kawo wannan matsala kamar haka:

1.Test din fitsari 

2.Test din jini 

3.Hoton mafitsara da hoton mara

4.Test din Koda 

Likita zai iya baka "magungunan sanyi"(antibiotics) sabida sanyi,sannan zai iya baka magunguna daza su rage maka radadin ciwon mara. 

SHAWARWARI

1 Yawan Shan ruwa na tàimakawa kwarai wajen rage zafin.

2.Rage cin abinci masu tsami sosai,Kofi da barasa 

3.Amfani da matakan kariya kamar "condom" lokacin saduwa 

4.Rage amfani da sabulu,Omo ko man shafawa masu kamshi sosai .

Shin kana yawan fama da ciwon Kai na tsawon lokaci mai tafiya ya dawo? Karanta domin sanin wane irin ciwon Kai kake fama dashi

1.Ciwon Kai na tension 

Alokacin dakake fama da ciwon Kai na tension,zakaji gabadaya kan naka na ciwo.sannan idan yafara baya lafawa,zaka runka ji kamar ana matse maka Kai.

Amfi ganinsa a mutanen dake Tara gajiya da damuwa ajikinsu.

Ciwon nakaruwa ne ahankali ahankali alokacin dayafara,sannan motsa idanu wa kan ta'azzarashi ma'ana alokacin dakake motsi da idanuwanka ciwon kan nakara tsanani.

2.Ciwon Kai na migraine 

Wannan ciwon kan ana jinsa ne a bangare daya na Kai amafi yawancin lokuta,zaka runkaji kamar ana buga maka karrarrawa akai,ko kaji kan na bugawa dakarfi.

Yakanzo da amai.sannan zakaji baka kaunar haske ko zama a inda haske yake.

Alokacin da ciwon kan zaizo maka zakaji canjin yanayi mara dadi.

3.Ciwon Kai na cluster 

Wannan ciwon kan yakanzo yatafi,sannan yafi zuwa da daddare tare da ciwon ido na satuttuka da toshewar hanci a bangaren da yake ciwon.

4.Ciwon Kai na cervical root 

Idan kana fama da irin wannan ciwon kan,zakanajinsa ne a bayan kanka ko a tsakiyar Kai da gaban goshi.

Yana Kara tsananta ne alokacin da ka motsa wuyanka.

5.Gajiyar ido 

Wannan ciwon kan na zuwa ne alokacin da kake karanta wani Abu a littafi,waya ko komfuta,sannan zaka runka Gani dishi dishi.

Ana maganinsa ne alokacin da aka baka tabarau nasakawa.

6.Magunguna

Shan magunguna kowanne iri ne kan iyasa ka ciwon kai.sannan ciwon na tafiyane alokacin daka dakatar da maganin dake kawo maka ciwon kan.

Magani 

Magani a asibiti ake badashi musamman irin wannan ciwon kan wanda yake tafiya ya dawo.

Dan haka idan kana fama da irin wannan ciwon kan toh kaje asibiti kaga likita

Lemun kwalba/roba sun shahara sosai domin kusan kowa na shan su amma da yawa mutane basu san cewa ana alaƙanta yawan shan su da manyan matsalolin rashin lafiya. Ga wasu daga cikin matsalolin da yawan shan su ke haifar wa.

• 1. Yiwuwar Kamuwa Da Ciwon Sukari (Type 2 Diabetes); Yawancin lemun kwalba na ɗauke da sukari sosai wanda ke iya haifar da turjewar sinadarin dake sarrafa sukari (insulin resistance) Wanda hakan na iya gaggauta yiwuwar kamuwa da ciwon sukari.

• 2. Matsalar Ciwon Hakora; Yawancin lemun kwalba sun kasance suna da sukari da nau'in asid wanda sinadarai ne masu iya zagwanyar da hakora da dasashi har ya haifar da kogi/rami a hakora da kuma tada olsa ma wasu.

• 3. Matsalar Ƙashi; An tabbatar da cewa yawan shan lemun kwalba na rage kwarin kashi (osteoporosis) wanda hakan na iya haifar da saurin karaya a ɗan kankanin buguwa ko rauni.
• 4. Matsalar Zuciya; Yawan shan lemun kwalba na iya haifar da ciwon zuciya a sanadiyar sukari mai yawa da yake ɗauke dashi dakan iya ƙara gudun jini a jiki wanda hakan na iya haifar da hawan jini.

• 5. Ciwon Hanta (Non-alcoholic Faty Liver Disease); Ciwon hantar da yawan shan giya/harasa ke haifar wa, ana iya samun wani nau'in shi in mutum ya kasance mai yawan shan lemun kwalba.

• 6. Matsalar Kumburin Ciki; Shan lemun kwalba da yawa na haifar da cushewan ciki lokaci bayan lokaci.

• 7. Ciwon Sabo: Wasu daga cikin Lemun kwalba suna ɗauke da sinadarin CAFFEINE wanda yawan shan shi na haifar da CIWON SABO (Addiction), watau mutum ba zai iya rayuwa ba sai ya sha. 

• 8. Cutar Ƙiba; Yawan shan su na haifar da saurin kamuwa da cutar ƙiba (obesity).
• 9. Rage Ƙarfin Aikin Koda

• Wannan matsalolin na aukuwa ne yayin da ake sha da yawa ba bisa ka'ida ba, shan shi ɗan daidai baya haifar da wannan matsalolin. Pharmacist Musa A Bello yace mu kula da lafiyar mu domin kanm

• Forwarded to you: 
• Habeeb Bin Muhd 
• Public health practitioner

• By Salis Muhd Baqir

I would like to pose a question:

• 1. Individuals holding a BSc in Community Health Science have received education from esteemed medical doctors, professors of medicine, and other professionals from diverse fields. It is surprising that you require these individuals to undergo additional education from professionals at a college of health, who may not possess the same level of expertise as those from a university. Doesn't this compromise the standards of the profession, particularly in comparison to other fields? We urge you to reconsider and make a more informed decision that benefits the profession. Other fields have adopted similar approaches.

• 2. What are the benefits of requiring BSc Community Health and HND Community Health holders to take the CHEW exam for licensure purposes? It appears unfair to mandate that these individuals obtain a CHEW license.

• 3. We have heard that the following equivalencies exist, but we would appreciate clarification :- BSc/HND = CHEW license - ND = JCHEW license

• 1. The HND/BSc Community Health program is a rigorous five-year course that encompasses various theoretical and practical aspects, including internship.

• 2. We are curious to know who will be teaching these qualified individuals during the proposed 6-month period. What additional knowledge or skills will be imparted to HND/BSc holders that they have not already acquired?
• 3. In today's modern era, where information is readily accessible, we believe it is essential to reevaluate the current system and make necessary adjustments to align with contemporary standards.

~Salis Muhd Baqir ~

• CHEW, BCHS, MSc in view
• Community Health Institute
• Community Health Practitioners Registration Board of Nigeria
• Federal Ministry of Health Nigeria

Seizure is known as an uncontrollable burst of electric shock around the brain which may lead the brain to unconsciousness and including change in behavior, feelings and movement

Difference between seizure and epilepsy

Seizure disorder is as a result of electrical shock or current burst in the Brain which make the victim to be unconscious for a couple of time usually 40 seconds to 5 minutes but when seizure disorder occur twice or more in 24 hours it is said to be epilepsy. Therefore the recurrent of seizure result to epilepsy.

Epilepsy is described as a neurological malfunction of the Brain characterized by numerous recurrent of seizure or electrical burst in the brain stem. Epilepsy is a neurogical condition that involves the brain which make people or victims supcetible to having recurrent unprovoked seizures.   

• Types of seizure 

seizures are categorized into four major part which are :

1. Generalized seizures
2. Focal seizures
3. Generalized and focal seizures
4. Unknown if generalized or focal seizures

Generalized seizure : generalized seizure is a type of seizure that take place all part of the brain whereby there is a electric burst all over the brain cavity. Generalized seizures is sub divided into two parts such as follows:

1. Generalized motor seizure : (grand-mal seizure) generalized motor seizures also known as grand-mal seizure is a sub-type of seizure that occur all over the brain and tends the victim to be in a continuous motion. this type of seizure aid the victim to be in a serious movement that can results to falling, burnts and other deadly disasters 
2. Generalized non-motor seizure (petit-mal) : this kind of seizure whereby the victim is constantly stabled in a specific po duty and unable to walk but only smashing it lips and blinking of eyes and sometimes there is stiffness of the fingers and strange movement of the finger and the neck.

Generalized non-motor seuzure is sometimes known as petit-mal seizures where the patient is hinder or restricted from walking but stable performance of the internal body structures such as lips smashing, grinding of the teeth and blinking of eyes stiffness of the neck or fingers and sometimes present of traumatic behavior.

2. Focal Seizure : Focal seizures has to do with one part of the brain. In focal seizures one part of the brain is affected or the brain cells whereby the other side will be left unaffected.

Focal seizure comes in four types, which are as follows:

1. Focal aware seizure 
2. Focal impaired awareness seizure 
3. Focal motor seizures
4. Focal non-motor seizures

1. Focal aware seizure: in focal aware seizures the victim will undergo some electrical shock on one part of the brain and he or she will be aware of the seizures action. In this field of seizure, it is also called partial seizure where the patient or the victim is aware of the action and usually involve the shrink of the lips or smashing of the teeth and some partial vibrations will take place on the internal part of the body due to the effected cell on the brain. This kind of seizure is also known as simple partial seizures
2. Focal impaired awesomeness seizures: in this type of seizure the victim will be unaware of his or her actions and also the victims may probably be on an unconscious state due to burst of shock on the brain cells 

Again we have the following types of seizure under generalized seizure or when we talk about generalized seizure 

  (a) Myoclonic seizures: Myoclonic seizures consist of sudden body or limb jerks that can involve the arms, head and neck. The spasms occur on both sides of the body in clusters, or in combinations especially in the morning. When these seizures develop in adolescence along with tonic-clonic seizures, they are part of a syndrome called juvenile myoclonic epilepsy. People can also have myoclonic seizures as part of other epilepsy related-conditions.

(b). Tonic and Atonic Seizures (“Drop Attacks”): Some people, usually those with multiple brain injuries and intellectual disability, have tonic seizures consisting of sudden stiffness in the arms and body, which can cause falls and injuries. Many persons with tonic seizures have a syndrome called Lennox Gastaut syndrome. (LGS) This condition may involve intellectual disability, such as brain loss multiple seizure types including tonic seizures. People with Lennox Gastaut syndrome can have a distinctive electroencophalograph (EEG) pattern called slow spike and wave.

iii. Focal motor seizures: in this field of seizures the victim will be in serious motion with proper maintenance and retain of focus due to the neurogical effects on the brain which might tender the victim to be in a negative state and behave abnormal during the moment.

 Focal seizure will make the victim to be in a motion in a straight as the case may be and does not have any impact of deducing it motion or even stop until the life span of the seizure is exhausted

iv. Focal non-motor seizure: in this case the victim will be constantly stable in a particular position and focus in a specific angle because the neurological fault that arise on the brain have tend the patient to be in the state where it is impossible for the patient to smash its lips 

3. GENEARLIZED AND FOCAL SEIZURE: Focal onset seizures start in one area and can spread across the brain and cause mild or severe symptoms, depending on how the electrical discharges spread. Generalized seizures can start as focal seizures that spread to both sides of the brain.

  In a point of view a seizure can starts as focal and later generate to type of seizure known as generalized seizure.

     In focal seizure, it have the ability to affect one hemisphere of the brain but at a certain time it circulate and accumulate the whole brain leading to generalized seizure at that moment. Therefore this mode of display have tend the seizure types to be a generalized and focal seizure.

4. UNKNOWN GENERALIZED OR FOCAL SEIZURE: A seizure is said to be unknown generalized or focal when the condition can not be determined or detected by the medical professional in charge.

• Causes of seizure

Sometimes or in most cases seizures may be caused or bring up by:

A high fever, an infection of the brain such as trauma, dementia and so on, severe general illness of the body, and also is a genetic caused diseases lack of sleep also causes that sometimes, when there is low blood sodium in the body, certain medicines that treat pain can also be contraindicated to that, smoking active brain injury, such as head trauma, and so on.

      Furthermore seizure can also be causes by birth trauma Congenital in terms of infant (present at birth) problems and again alcohol or drugs can also cause it in terms of adult. Other possible causes of seizures may include: Brain tumor. Neurological problems. Drug withdrawal(i.e planning to leave drugs that is not suitable for your health recently)

Subsequently, millions of people with seizure have no causes, whereby their doctors is not being able to detect the causes of their seizure or even know what type of seizure is and this have lead to a long life threatening diseases world wide due to it unknown features, this kind of seizures is called "unknown generalized or focal seizure" 

• Effects of seizure 

In this topic we will be discussing about the effect of seizures to the body and to the brain and also commemorate it difference to the body and the heart, the effect of seizures widely have done a greater harm to the beings by it neurogical seizures it undergo in the brain of individuals. Some research suggests that uncontrolled seizures can lead to losses in visual memory, attention, problem solving, and perception, while other studies suggest that seizures' relationship to cognitive function is variable, because seizures are symptoms of an underlying condition.

• Complications of seizure 

 complications, there are numerous complications that is involve that trigger every patient to uncomfortable health services.

Complications may include, Difficulty learning, breathing in food or saliva into the lungs during a seizure, which can cause aspiration pneumonia to the human health and make the patient to have a lungs problem such as pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis (Pneumonia) or cardiomyopathy.

Injury from falls, bumps, self-inflicted bites, driving or operating machinery during a seizure is also a possible compilications that is present in seizure, permanent brain damage (stroke or other damage)

• Management of seizure

 The management on seizure disorder are so numerous that can manage and calm down the patient to a normal state immediately.

Therefore the First-aid management of seizures is written below which aid the patient to undergo a long term seizure, loosen any tight clothing or restraints that he or she is wearing. Place something soft under their head. Stay with the person and reassure them. Do not put anything in their mouth and do not restrain them.

The management strategies of medication resistant epilepsy fall into three main groups: anti-seizure medications, epilepsy surgery, and alternative treatment strategies which includes vagus nerve stimulation, ketogenic diet, and lifestyle changes will also help in managing seizure 

              ◼ Prevention of seizure disorder

In this topic we will be discussing on how we can prevent seizure disorder. There are numerous way in preventing seizure disorder which are as follows Take your medication as prescribed,a void consuming alcohol, avoid substance misuse, practice stress management, Maintain a sleep schedule, keep a consistent meal schedule, avoid flashing lights, protect yourself from head injuries.

 All this measure can aid or prevent us from all kind of prolonged seizures that may hinder our brain from discomfort, furthermore Some people can prevent seizures by avoiding their triggers such as: flashing or flickering lights. lack of sleep and reducing of stress.

      • Diagnosis of seizure disorder

The word ''diagnosis" means test. The test require for epilpesy is based on the use of EEG to perform the tested needed.

They may be having a test to check your brain activity called an electroencephalogram (EEG), or a brain scan to look for any problem in your brain. But if these tests do not show anything, it's still possible you have epilepsy, and you may be diagnosed just based on your symptoms or the features of seizure that is seen or detected.

In this test, electrodes attached to your scalp record the electrical activity of your brain. The electrical activity shows up as wavy lines on an EEG recording. The EEG may reveal a pattern that tells whether a seizure is likely to occur again.

   Furthermore, getting a diagnosis is not always easy as there is no single test that can diagnose seizure . If there is a possibility that you have seizure disorder, NICE recommends that you are referred to a specialist, (a doctor who is trained in diagnosing and treating epilepsy) within two weeks of occurance of the seizure.

• Medication for seizure disorder

Looking at this phase of study now, seizure disorder is majorly treated by a medical professioner by surgery, devices or dietary changes.

Therefore, there are also possible medications or drugs that can be suitable for the disesas "seizure". It is known that with the taken of brand of drugs known as anticonvulsant drugs will possibly deduce the risk at which seizure display on the brain, anticonvulsant drugs such as 

• Carbamazepin tablets
• Levetracetam tablet
• Zonisamide tablet 
• Furesemide 
• Valproic acid derivates
• Toperamate 
• Oxycarbamazepine

And other anticonvulsant drugs with definitely aid the risk at which seizures display

• Conclusion

Seizure disorder is a deadly disease that have find a way to affect numerous individuals and it has termed to be toxoc to the health. Seizure disorder have the following features that is stated above and it can also be cured if the guidline above is adhered to, furthermore, seizure is a disease that can not be overlooked and take for granted when it occurs for the first time due to generalized feature that it posses.

• What is Hepatitis B?

Hepatitis B is a contagious liver infection caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV). It can range from a mild illness lasting a few weeks to a severe, long-term condition. The virus primarily attacks the liver and can lead to chronic liver disease, including cirrhosis and liver cancer.

• Why is it called "hepatitis B"?

The term "hepatitis" refers to inflammation of the liver, and the "B" in hepatitis B denotes the specific virus responsible for this type of hepatitis.

• What Distinguishes Hepatitis B from Other Hepatitis Viruses?

Hepatitis B is distinct from other hepatitis viruses (A, C, D, and E) due to its mode of transmission, ability to cause chronic infection, and potential for severe liver damage.

• How Common is Hepatitis B Infection?

Hepatitis B remains a global health issue, with millions of people infected worldwide. Its prevalence varies by region, but it continues to be a significant concern, particularly in areas with limited access to healthcare and vaccination programs.

• Symptoms of Hepatitis B Infection

Symptoms of acute hepatitis B infection can include:

1. Fatigue
2. Jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes)
3. Dark urine
4. Abdominal pain
5. Loss of appetite
6. Nausea and vomiting

Some individuals may remain asymptomatic, especially during the initial stages of infection.

• How Do You Get Hepatitis B?

Hepatitis B is primarily transmitted through contact with infected blood, semen, or other bodily fluids. Common transmission routes include:

1. Unprotected sexual contact with an infected person
2. Sharing needles or syringes for drug use
3. Mother-to-child transmission during childbirth
4. Contact with contaminated blood or medical equipment
5. Sharing personal items like razors or toothbrushes with an infected person

• Who Is More Likely to Get Hepatitis B?

Individuals at a higher risk of hepatitis B infection include:

1. People with multiple sexual partners
2. Injection drug users
3. Healthcare workers exposed to blood
4. Infants born to infected mothers
5. Close contacts of infected individuals
6. Travelers to regions with high hepatitis B prevalence

• How Do You Get Chronic Hepatitis B?

Chronic hepatitis B can develop when the virus persists in the body for more than six months.

 Those at risk of chronic infection include:

1. Infants and young children infected at birth
2. Individuals with compromised immune systems
3. Those exposed to a high viral load

• What Is Reactivated Hepatitis B?

Reactivated hepatitis B occurs when a person with a previous infection experiences a resurgence of the virus, often due to a weakened immune system. It can lead to severe liver problems and requires medical attention.

• Possible Complications of Hepatitis B Infection

Hepatitis B can lead to various complications, including:

1. Cirrhosis (scarring of the liver)
2. Liver cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma)
3. Liver failure
4. Kidney problems
5. Blood vessel inflammation
6. Increased risk of other infections

• How Long Are You Contagious with Hepatitis B?

Hepatitis B can be contagious for an extended period, even in individuals without symptoms. The risk of transmission is highest during the acute phase, but it can persist in chronic carriers.

• How Is Hepatitis B Diagnosed?

Diagnosis of hepatitis B involves:

1. Blood tests to detect hepatitis B antigens and antibodies
2. Liver function tests
3. Liver biopsy or imaging to assess liver damage
4. Monitoring viral load and liver enzymes

• What Treatment Is Available for Hepatitis B?

Treatment options for hepatitis B include:

1. Prophylactic treatment for newborns of infected mothers
2. Antiviral medications for chronic infection
3. Lifestyle changes (avoiding alcohol and maintaining a healthy diet)
4. Regular monitoring of liver function
5. Liver transplant for severe cases

• How Can You Reduce the Risk of Hepatitis B Infection?

To reduce the risk of hepatitis B infection, consider:

1. Hepatitis B vaccination
2. Safe sex practices
3. Avoiding sharing needles or personal items
4. Using precautions when getting tattoos or piercings
5. Screening and testing for pregnant women
6. Practicing good hygiene

• How Can You Prevent Spreading Hepatitis B to Others?

To prevent transmission to others:

1. Inform sexual partners and close contacts
2. Use protection during sexual activity
3. Avoid sharing needles or personal items
4. Practice good hygiene
5. Ensure that household members are vaccinated

• Is Hepatitis B Curable?

While hepatitis B is not always curable, treatment can control the virus and prevent liver damage. Some individuals may clear the infection on their own, but chronic carriers will require ongoing medical management.

• How Often Is Hepatitis B Fatal?

Hepatitis B can be fatal, particularly when it progresses to cirrhosis or liver cancer. Timely diagnosis, appropriate treatment, and preventive measures significantly reduce the risk of fatality.

• Conclusion

Hepatitis B remains a global health concern in 2023, but knowledge, vaccination, and proper precautions can help mitigate its impact. It is essential to stay informed, get vaccinated, practice safe behaviors, and seek medical care when necessary. By working together, we can reduce the burden of hepatitis B on individuals and communities.

• References 

1. World Health Organization. (2023). Hepatitis B. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hepatitis-b
2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2023). Hepatitis B Questions and Answers for the Public. https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/statistics/index.htm
3. Mayo Clinic. (2023). Hepatitis B. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hepatitis-b/symptoms-causes/syc-20366802
4. American Liver Foundation. (2023). Hepatitis B. https://liverfoundation.org/for-patients/about-the-liver/diseases-of-the-liver/hepatitis-b/
5. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. (2023). Hepatitis B. https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/liver-disease/viral-hepatitis/hepatitis-b
6. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2023). Hepatitis B Information for Healthcare Professionals. https://www.fda.gov/vaccines-blood-biologics/biologics-guidances/hepatitis-b-information-healthcare-professionals
7. European Association for the Study of the Liver. (2023). EASL 2023 Clinical Practice Guidelines on the Management of Hepatitis B Virus Infection. https://easl.eu/publications/easl-2023-clinical-practice-guidelines-on-the-management-of-hepatitis-b-virus-infection/
8. World Gastroenterology Organisation. (2023). Global Guideline for the Diagnosis and Management of HBV Infection. https://www.worldgastroenterology.org/guidelines/global-guidelines/hepatitis-b/hepatitis-b-english
9. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2023). Hepatitis B Vaccination. https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vpd/hepb/index.html
10. Hepatitis B Foundation. (2023). Living with Hepatitis B. https://www.hepb.org/what-is-hepatitis-b/living-with-hepatitis-b/

Breast milk gives the gift of a lifetime to an infant. It is called "liquid gold" for the following reasons:

1. It protects the baby against allergies, sickness, and obesity.
2. It protects the baby against life-threatening diseases like diabetes and cancer.
3. It protects the baby against infections such as ear infections.
4. It is easily digested.
5. It supplies all the necessary nutrients in the proper proportions.
6. It does not cause constipation, diarrhea or stomach upset.
7. It gives the baby healthy weight as he/she grows.
8. Breastfed babies score higher on IQ tests.
9. Breast milk changes constantly to meet the baby's nutrition contents. The milk changes in volume and composition according to the time of day, age of the baby and how frequent the baby takes it, to promote healthy growth.
10. Breast milk is the perfect food for your baby. It is available wherever and whenever your baby needs it.
11. It is always clean, free, and at the right temperature. No bottles to clean.
12. Breastfeeding has no waste, so it is good for the environment.
13. Mothers who breastfeed have a reduced risk of Type 2 Diabetes and certain cancers such as breast cancer.
14. Through breastfeeding, many find it easier to return to what they weighed before they got pregnant.
15. Breastfeeding strengthens the bond between a mother and her child.
16. Breastfeeding burns between 500-600 calories a day. That means some moms might end up losing weight without any additional exercise.

Some helpful tips on how to breastfeed include:-

1. Breastfeed soon after birth, and breastfeed frequently (8 to 12 times in a 24 hour period).
2. Hold your baby skin-to-skin.
3. Keep your baby with you in the hospital.
4. Do not use a pacifier or bottle until breastfeeding is well established.
5. Give only breast milk do not mixed with any fluid or substitude
6. Breastfeed your baby for a minimum of 6-7 months.
7. The amount of breast milk you are able to produce has nothing to do with your breast size. A mom with small breasts can have just as much (or more) milk-making tissues as a mom with large breasts.
8. Breast milk is not always white. It can be blue, green, yellow (ahem- gold), pink or orange, depending on what you eat or drink. Don’t worry, it is okay for the baby.
9. When you breastfeed, your body makes the hormones prolactin and oxytocin. Oxytocin produces a peaceful, nurturing feeling that allows you to relax and focus on your child. It also promotes a strong sense of love and attachment between you and your baby.
10. In essence, learn and practice good breastfeeding habit today for your good and for the good of your baby.

Resources:

Tidewater Family plus

Joy if Breastfeeding, www.womenshealth.gov/publications/our-publications/breastfeeding-guide

Madelea.us

Fascinating fact about breastfeeding: https://www.medela.us/breastfeeding/articles/14-fascinating-facts-about-breastfeeding

Newyork state department of health

Why is Breastfeeding important for your baby https://www.health.ny.gov/prevention/nutrition/wic/breastfeeding/importance.

Introduction

Environmental sanitation aims to protect and promote human health and well-being by providing a clean environment and breaking the cycle of disease. Environmental sanitation is more than just building latrines; it covers a wider scope. It takes a broader glance at the community and addresses different but interconnected aspects, including human and animal excreta management, solid waste management, vector control, domestic wastewater management and storm water drainage.

What is Environment?

The environment is the natural world, as a whole or in a particular geographical area, especially as affected by human activity.

What is Sanitation?

Sanitation refers to public health conditions which include clean drinking water, and adequate treatment and disposal of human excreta and sewage. Preventing human contact with feces is part of sanitation, as is hand washing with soap.

Sanitation system aims to protect human health by providing a clean environment that will stop the transmission of disease, especially through the fecal-oral route. Example, diarrhea, a main cause of malnutrion and stunted growth in children, can be reduced through adequate sanitation. There are many other diseases which are easily transmitted in communities that have low levels of sanitation, such as ascariasis (a type of intestinal worm infection, or helminthiasis), cholera, hepatitis, polio, schistosomiasis and trachoma, to name just a few.

Sanitation includes all of these technical and non-technical systems: excreta management systems, waste managements (wastewater treatment plants), solid waste management system, as well as drainage systems for rainwater (also called storm water drainage).

Sanitation covers both personal hygiene practice and public hygiene practice. Personal hygiene practice includes handling menstrual waste, cleaning of household toilets, and managing household garbage. Public hygiene practice or public sanitation practice include: garbage collection, transfer and treatment (municipal solid waste management); cleaning of drainage, streets, school environment, public spaces, sewers; community or public toilet; operating sewage treatment plants, etc. Workers who provide this services are called sanitation workers.

Components of Environmental Sanitation

1. Personal hygiene: This is hygiene of the body.
2. Water supply: Safe and clean water for domestic use, drinking and recreational activities.
3. Human waste disposal: Proper disposal of excreta, and liquid waste management.
4. Solid waste management: Proper collection, storage and disposal of solid waste also solid waste recycling.
5. Vector control: Control of rodents such as rats, and arthropods such as flies and mites that transmit diseases.
6. Food hygiene: Food safety and cleanliness from storage, processing, distribution, sales and consumption.
7. Institutional hygiene: Practice of good hygiene in schools, prisons, health facilities, refugee camps, public and private institutions, etc.
8. Water pollution: Avoidance of stagnant water, maintenance of clean sources of water, disinfection of drainages or stagnant water, clean drainages or water ways, avoidance of waste dumping into water ways, etc.
9. Occupational hygiene: Hygiene at place of work.

Aim and objectives of Environmental Sanitation

The overall purpose of sanitation is to provide a healthy living environment for everyone, to protect the natural resources (such as surface water, ground water, soil, etc) and to provide safety lifestyle for dwellers.

Importance of Environmental Sanitation

1. It stops the transmission of diseases.
2. Environmental Sanitation promotes good hygiene practice for better, safe and quality lifestyle.
3. It creates pleasant and safe environment.
4. It breaks the cycle of disease.
5. It promotes healthy individual.
6. It Increases, promotes and prolongs life.

Conclusion

In conclusion, environmental hygiene is an essential aspect of health, and also the very best way of protecting yourself, your family and everyone in the community from diseases. Most diseases can be prevented with good environmental hygiene practice - even the diseases without cure.

References

• Cillings English Dictionary 2023. Environmental Definition and meaning 
• Suphie budge, Argaw Ambule and Paul Hutchins 2023. Environmental sanitation and the evolution of water.
• Science direct topic 2021. Arth and planetary science/environmental Sanitation

Overview:

Trichomoniasis is an STI caused by a parasite that spreads through sexual contact. It can affect both men and women, but symptoms are more common in women. In most cases, the infection is asymptomatic, but it can cause serious complications if left untreated.

Definition:

Trichomoniasis is a sexually transmitted infection caused by a parasite called Trichomonas vaginalis. It can cause inflammation of the genital tract in both men and women.

Classification:

Trichomoniasis is classified as a sexually transmitted infection (STI) and is caused by a parasitic protozoan called Trichomonas vaginalis.

Causes:

Trichomoniasis is caused by the Trichomonas vaginalis parasite, which is typically spread through sexual contact. The parasite can also survive outside the body for a short time and can be transmitted through shared towels, clothing, or other personal items.

Causative agent:

The causative agent of Trichomoniasis is the Trichomonas vaginalis parasite, which can infect the genital tract of both men and women.

Mode of transmission:

Trichomoniasis is typically spread through sexual contact, including vaginal, oral, or anal sex. It can also be transmitted through shared towels, clothing, or other personal items.

Incubation period:

The incubation period for Trichomoniasis can range from five to 28 days. However, some people may not develop symptoms for several months after infection.

Sign and symptoms:

In most cases, Trichomoniasis is asymptomatic, meaning that infected individuals may not experience any symptoms. However, when symptoms do occur, they typically include:

• Itching and irritation of the genitals
• Abnormal vaginal discharge (which may be thin and watery, frothy, or greenish-yellow)
• Pain or discomfort during sex or urination
• Swelling and redness of the genitals
• Foul-smelling vaginal odor

Diagnosis and test:

Trichomoniasis can be diagnosed through a variety of tests, including:

• A physical examination of the genital area
• A microscopic examination of vaginal or penile discharge
• A nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT), which detects the genetic material of the parasite in a urine or vaginal sample
• A culture test, which involves growing the parasite in a laboratory

Management and treatment:

Trichomoniasis can be treated with prescription medications, such as metronidazole or tinidazole. These medications are typically taken orally and are very effective in eliminating the parasite. Sexual partners should also be treated to prevent reinfection.

Risk factors:

Several factors can increase the risk of contracting Trichomoniasis, including:

• Having multiple sexual partners
• Engaging in unprotected sex
• Having a history of other STIs

Prevention and control:

The best way to prevent Trichomoniasis is to practice safe sex, which includes using condoms or dental dams during sexual activity. Other measures that can reduce the risk of infection include:

• Avoiding sharing personal items, such as towels or clothing, with others
• Getting tested regularly for STIs
• Being honest with sexual partners about your sexual history

Complications:

If left untreated, Trichomoniasis can cause several complications, including:

• Increased risk of other STIs: People who are infected with Trichomoniasis are more likely to contract other STIs, including HIV.
• Pregnancy complications: Pregnant women who are infected with Trichomoniasis may be at increased risk of premature delivery, low birth weight, and other pregnancy complications.
• Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID): In rare cases, Trichomoniasis can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease, which can cause chronic pelvic pain, infertility, and other complications.

Conclusion:

Trichomoniasis is a common STI caused by the Trichomonas vaginalis parasite. It is typically spread through sexual contact and can cause a range of symptoms, including itching, irritation, abnormal discharge, and pain during sex or urination. While most cases of Trichomoniasis are asymptomatic, the infection can cause serious complications if left untreated. Fortunately, Trichomoniasis can be easily diagnosed and treated with prescription medications. Prevention measures, such as practicing safe sex and getting tested regularly for STIs, can help reduce the risk of infection.

Outcome for infected people:

For people who are infected with Trichomoniasis, the outcome is generally good if the infection is detected and treated promptly. Prescription medications can effectively eliminate the parasite and relieve symptoms. However, if left untreated, Trichomoniasis can cause serious complications, including increased risk of other STIs, pregnancy complications, and pelvic inflammatory disease.

References:

• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2023). Trichomoniasis - CDC Fact Sheet. https://www.cdc.gov/std/trichomonas/stdfact-trichomoniasis.htm
• Mayo Clinic. (2023). Trichomoniasis. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/trichomoniasis/symptoms-causes/syc-20378609
• World Health Organization. (2022). Trichomoniasis. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/trichomoniasis

1- Boosts Digestive Health

Garri is rich in dietary fiber, a nutrient that is essential for maintaining a healthy digestive system. Fiber helps to prevent constipation by adding bulk to stool and promoting regular bowel movements. It also helps to keep the gut microbiome healthy by feeding the beneficial bacteria in the gut, which can help to prevent digestive disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and diverticulitis. Additionally, research has shown that consuming fiber-rich foods like garri may help to reduce the risk of colon cancer (1).

2- Supports Heart Health

Garri is low in fat and cholesterol-free, making it a heart-healthy food. Research has shown that consuming a diet low in saturated fat and cholesterol can help to reduce the risk of heart disease (2). Additionally, garri contains potassium, a mineral that helps to regulate blood pressure by counteracting the effects of sodium in the body. Maintaining healthy blood pressure levels is essential for preventing heart disease, stroke, and other cardiovascular conditions (3).

3- Rich in Essential Nutrients

Garri is rich in essential nutrients such as carbohydrates, protein, vitamins, and minerals. It contains vitamins such as vitamin C, which is important for maintaining a healthy immune system, and B vitamins, which are essential for energy production. Garri is also a good source of minerals such as calcium, magnesium, and potassium, which are important for maintaining strong bones, regulating muscle and nerve function, and promoting healthy blood pressure levels (4).

4- Supports Weight Management

Garri is a low-fat food and contains fewer calories compared to other carbohydrate-rich foods. This makes it an ideal food for weight management as it can help to reduce overall calorie intake. In addition, the fiber in garri helps to increase feelings of fullness, which can help to reduce hunger and prevent overeating. Research has shown that consuming fiber-rich foods like garri may help to promote weight loss and reduce the risk of obesity (5).

5- Regulates Blood Sugar

Garri is a low glycemic index food, which means it is digested and absorbed slowly, leading to a gradual rise in blood sugar levels. This makes it an ideal food for people with diabetes or those at risk of developing diabetes. Eating garri can help to regulate blood sugar levels, preventing spikes and crashes in blood sugar levels that can lead to insulin resistance and other complications. Additionally, research has shown that consuming cassava-based foods like garri may help to improve insulin sensitivity (6).

6- Boosts Energy Levels

Garri is a rich source of carbohydrates, which are the body's primary source of energy. Eating garri can help to boost energy levels, making it an ideal food for athletes or people who engage in physical activity. In addition, garri contains potassium, a mineral that helps to regulate fluid balance in the body, which can help to prevent dehydration and improve overall energy levels.

In conclusion, garri is a nutrient-rich food that offers numerous health benefits. Incorporating garri into your diet can help to boost digestive health, support heart health, provide essential nutrients, aid in weight management, regulate blood sugar levels, and boost energy levels. So, why not give this versatile food a try today!

References:

• American Heart Association. (2023). Saturated fats. Retrieved from https://www.heart.org/en/healthy-living/healthy-eating/eat-smart/fats/saturated-fats
• American Heart Association. (2021). Potassium and high blood pressure. Retrieved from https://www.heart.org/en/healthy-living/healthy-eating/eat-smart/nutrition-basics/potassium-and-high-blood-pressure
• Nutritionix. (n.d.). Cassava garri nutrition facts. Retrieved from https://www.nutritionix.com/food/cassava-garri
• Slavin, J. (2005). Dietary fiber and body weight. Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.), 21(3), 411–418. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2004.08.018
• Ojo, O., Oluwadare, E. O., & Ogunjobi, M. A. (2016). Physicochemical, nutritional and sensory properties of garri fortified with cowpea flour. Food Science & Nutrition, 4(6), 870–876. https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.333
• Oluwole, O. G., Oyewole, O. I., Awoyale, W., Adegunloye, O. A., & Oluwole, A. O. (2020). The impact of cassava processing on the glycemic index of garri in healthy participants. Journal of Diabetes Research, 2020, 3821906. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/3821906
• Sareen, S., Kumari, V., & Garg, M. (2014). Effect of fiber on satiety and food intake: A systematic review. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 51(4), 661–669. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-011-0455-5
• Ukwenya, V. O., & Onyekwere, M. U. (2020). The effect of garri (a cassava product) on blood glucose level and lipid profile of normal subjects. International Journal of Food Science, Nutrition and Dietetics, 9(3), 23–29. https://doi.org/10.19070/2326-3350-200007
• World Health Organization. (2015). Sugars intake for adults and children. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/nutrition/publications/guidelines/sugars_intake/en/

Definition of Drugs

A drug is any chemical substance that causes a change in an organism’s physiology or psychology when consumed (wakpdia.org/drugs).

Classification of drugs

Drugs can be classified in different ways but for the purpose of this study, we will concentrate on the therapeutic classification. Subsequently, other classification methods will be discussed.

What is therapeutic classification of drugs?

This is the classification of drugs based on the physiological changes (body function and mechanism) induced by the drugs when consumed, without putting into consideration how the drugs achieves this or how the drugs act on the molecular level as it is in pharmacological classification. 

Therapeutically, drugs have 21 major classes and 139 subclasses. In this study, 12 major and most commonly used classes will be considered, with examples for each, for better and easier understanding.

• Anticoagulant Drugs: These are simply drugs that prevent blood clotting. Examples include: Rivaroxaban ( xarelto), Dabigatran (Pradaxa), Apixaban (Eliquis), Endoxaban (Laxiana), etc.
• Antihyperlipidemic Drugs: These are drugs that lower or reduce lipid (cholesterol level) in the blood. Examples include: Astorvastin (Lipitor), Flavastin (Lescal), Lovastin (Mevacor), Pitavastatin (Livalo), Simvastin (Zocor), etc.
• Antihypertensive Drugs: These drugs are used to treat High Blood Pressure ( Hypertension). Examples include
• Under 55years - ACE Inhibitor or Antiotensin-2 Receptor Blocker (ARB) is administered. Examples include Benazepril (Lotensin), Captopril (Catoten), etc. 
• Above 55years - Calcium Channel Blocker is administered. Examples include: Amlodipine (Norvac), Nafedifine(Procardia), Felodipine Isradipine, etc.
• Antidysrhythmics/Antiarrhythmics Drugs: These drugs treat an abnormal heartbeat. Examples include: Amodarone (Cardarone, Pacerone, etc), Flecainide (Tambocor), Lidocaine (Xyclocaine), IV Propafenone (Rythmol), etc.
• Antidepressants Drugs: These drugs relieve symptoms of depression and anxiety. Examples include: Vilazodone (Viibryd), Sertraline (Zoloft), Citalopram (Celexa), etc.
• Antipsychotics Drugs: These drugs treat psychosis. Examples include: Haldot (Haloperidol), Thorazine (Chlorapromazine), etc.
• Anticonvulsants Drugs: These drugs are used to treat epileptic seizures, neuropathic pain and bipolar disorder, among others. Examples include: Sodium Valproate, Lamotrigine, Levetiracetan, Lamotrigine, etc.
• Antinauseants Drugs: These drugs are used to treat Nausea/vomiting. Examples include: Phenergan (Promethazine), Zofran (Ondansetron), Transdermiscop (Scopolamine), etc.
• Decongestants: Decongestants or nasal decongestants are drugs used to treat nasal congestion or upper respiratory tract infection. Examples include: Oxymetazoline, Phenylephrine, Pseudoephedrine, etc.
• Hallucinogens drugs: These are drugs that alter a person’s perception of reality (psychedelic Drugs). Examples include: LSD, Psilocybin, Peyote, DMT, Ayahuasca, etc.
• Sedative Drugs: These drugs are used to slow down brain activities. It is used to make a person feel relaxed. Examples include: Barbiturates, Benzodiazepines, Gamma-hydroxybutyrates, and sleep induced drugs like Zolpidem (Ambian) and Escopidone (Innesta).
• Stimulants Drugs: These drugs speed up message travelling between brain and body, and makes a person feel awake. Examples include: Amphetamines, betel nut, caffeine, cocaine, nicotine, etc.

CONCLUSION

Drugs have been classified in various ways. In this study, only therapeutic classification was discussed and in the next series, other drugs classification method will be studied.

REFERENCES

1. https://en.m.Wikipedia.org/drugs;- definition of drugs and classification
2. https://youtu.be/FPLzzuwZyMo;- drugs classification by Dr Dave
3. Essential Drugs Classification, undergraduate text book; chapter3, by professor M.D.Hanti 2001
4. National library of medicine ; a classification of drugs based on therapeutic effect August 1996.

Pharmacology is a fascinating and essential subject that plays a critical role in modern healthcare. From understanding the mechanisms of action of drugs, to the practical applications of pharmacology in the treatment of medical conditions, this course is designed to provide you with a solid foundation in the subject.

In this course, you will learn about the different drug classifications, routes of administration, and the principles of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. You will also explore the importance of medication safety, adverse drug reactions and drug regulation, and the role of essential drugs in the management of medical conditions.

We understand that pharmacology can be a complex and challenging subject. However, we have designed this course to be engaging and accessible to students of all backgrounds and levels of experience. Our expert instructors will guide you through the course material, using a combination of lectures, case studies, and interactive exercises to ensure that you have a comprehensive understanding of the subject.

By the end of this course, you will have a solid foundation in pharmacology, which will enable you to understand the different drug treatments available and their appropriate use in various medical conditions. You will also have the skills and knowledge required to ensure medication safety and rational drug use.

Introduction to Pharmacology: Understanding the Basic

Pharmacology is a field of study that focuses on the effects of drugs on living organisms. It encompasses the study of the therapeutic and toxicological effects of drugs, the sources of drugs, their chemical properties, and their metabolism within the body. Understanding pharmacology is essential for healthcare professionals, as it helps in making informed decisions regarding the use of drugs for the prevention and treatment of diseases.

Definition of Pharmacology

Pharmacology is the study of drugs and their effects on living organisms. The term pharmacology is derived from two Greek words: pharmakon meaning drug, and logos meaning study. Pharmacology involves the study of drugs in terms of their source, chemical composition, action, and effects on the body.

Importance of Pharmacology in Healthcare

Pharmacology plays a vital role in healthcare, as it helps in the development of new drugs, the testing of drugs for their efficacy and safety, and the appropriate use of drugs for the prevention and treatment of diseases. Healthcare professionals such as doctors, nurses, and pharmacists must have a sound knowledge of pharmacology to make informed decisions regarding the use of drugs in their patients.

Scope and Branches of Pharmacology

Pharmacology has a vast scope, covering a wide range of topics such as drug discovery, drug development, drug delivery, and drug therapy. It also includes the study of drugs' interactions with the body, such as pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics. The branches of pharmacology include clinical pharmacology, toxicology, pharmacogenetics, and pharmacoeconomics.

Drug Nomenclature and Classification

To study drugs in-depth, it is necessary to understand drug nomenclature and classification.

Definition of Drugs

Drugs are defined as any substance or mixture of substances used to treat, diagnose, or prevent diseases. Drugs can be classified as prescription drugs or over-the-counter drugs.

Principles of Drug Nomenclature

The naming of drugs follows certain principles that enable the identification of the drug's chemical structure and properties. The International Nonproprietary Name (INN) is a standardized name given to drugs by the World Health Organization (WHO). It provides a common name for drugs that can be understood worldwide.

Classification of Drugs Based on Their Effects on the Body

Drugs can be classified based on their effects on the body, such as the therapeutic or pharmacological action of the drug. This classification includes drugs used to treat specific diseases, such as antibiotics, antivirals, and antidiabetic drugs.

Classification of Drugs Based on Their Chemical Structure

Drugs can also be classified based on their chemical structure. This classification includes drugs such as opioids, benzodiazepines, and statins. Understanding the chemical structure of drugs is essential as it provides insight into the drug's potential actions and side effects.

Conclusion

In conclusion, understanding pharmacology is essential for healthcare professionals, as it helps in making informed decisions regarding the use of drugs for the prevention and treatment of diseases. Drug nomenclature and classification are fundamental concepts in pharmacology that provide a systematic and standardized approach to drug identification and study. By understanding these concepts, healthcare professionals can optimize patient outcomes and improve healthcare quality.

Dementia is a devastating condition that affects millions of people worldwide. There are many risk factors associated with dementia, including age, genetics, lifestyle choices, and underlying health conditions. One of the conditions that have been linked to an increased risk of dementia is type 2 diabetes. However, a recent study has shown that the diabetes drug pioglitazone may help reduce the risk of dementia.

The Study on Diabetes and Dementia Risk

The study was conducted by a team of researchers from the University of California, San Francisco, and the Veterans Affairs Health Care System. The study involved more than 7,000 individuals with type 2 diabetes who were over 60 years old. The participants were followed for over six years, during which time the researchers tracked the incidence of dementia. The results of the study showed that the individuals who were taking pioglitazone had a 47% reduced risk of developing dementia compared to those who were not taking the drug.

How Pioglitazone Reduces Dementia Risk

Pioglitazone is a medication that is used to treat type 2 diabetes. The drug works by reducing insulin resistance, which is a common problem in people with type 2 diabetes. Insulin resistance occurs when the body's cells become less responsive to insulin, which can lead to high blood sugar levels. Pioglitazone helps to improve insulin sensitivity and lower blood sugar levels, which can reduce the risk of developing complications associated with diabetes, such as heart disease, kidney disease, and vision problems.

One of the ways that pioglitazone may help reduce the risk of dementia is by improving blood flow to the brain. Studies have shown that people with diabetes have an increased risk of developing Alzheimer's disease, which is a type of dementia. One of the contributing factors to this risk is impaired blood flow to the brain. Pioglitazone has been shown to improve blood flow to the brain, which may help reduce the risk of developing dementia.

The Link Between Diabetes and Dementia

The link between diabetes and dementia has been known for many years. Diabetes is a chronic condition that affects the body's ability to regulate blood sugar levels. High blood sugar levels can cause damage to blood vessels throughout the body, including the brain. This damage can lead to a variety of complications, including an increased risk of developing dementia.

In addition to the direct effects of high blood sugar levels, there are also other factors that may contribute to the link between diabetes and dementia. For example, people with diabetes are more likely to have high blood pressure and high cholesterol levels, both of which can increase the risk of developing dementia. They are also more likely to have other underlying health conditions, such as heart disease and stroke, which can contribute to the risk of dementia.

Different Ways to Reduce Dementia Risk

There are several different ways that people can reduce their risk of developing dementia. One of the most important steps is to maintain a healthy lifestyle. This includes eating a healthy diet, getting regular exercise, and managing stress. It is also important to maintain good cardiovascular health by controlling blood pressure and cholesterol levels.

For people with diabetes, it is particularly important to manage their blood sugar levels. This can be done through lifestyle changes, such as eating a healthy diet and getting regular exercise, as well as through medication. Pioglitazone is just one of the many medications that are available to help manage blood sugar levels in people with diabetes.

Another way to reduce the risk of dementia is to stay mentally and socially active. This can include reading, playing games, learning new skills, and engaging in social activities with friends and family. Staying mentally and socially active has been shown to help improve cognitive function and reduce the risk of developing dementia.

It is also important to get regular check-ups with a healthcare provider. This can help identify any underlying health conditions that may contribute to the risk of dementia, such as high blood pressure or high cholesterol. Early detection and treatment of these conditions can help reduce the risk of developing dementia.

In addition, there are several medications that have been approved for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, which is the most common form of dementia. These medications work by improving cognitive function and slowing the progression of the disease. While these medications cannot cure Alzheimer's disease or reverse the damage that has already been done to the brain, they can help improve quality of life for people with the disease.

Conclusion

Dementia is a devastating condition that affects millions of people worldwide. While there are many risk factors associated with dementia, including age, genetics, and lifestyle choices, there is also a link between diabetes and dementia. However, a recent study has shown that the diabetes drug pioglitazone may help reduce the risk of developing dementia in people with type 2 diabetes.

In addition to taking medication, there are also several other steps that people can take to reduce their risk of dementia. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle, staying mentally and socially active, and getting regular check-ups with a healthcare provider are all important steps in reducing the risk of developing dementia.

While there is still much to learn about the link between diabetes and dementia, the recent study on pioglitazone is an important step in the right direction. By taking proactive steps to manage their health, people can help reduce their risk of developing dementia and live healthier, happier lives.

Endometritis kumburin bangon mahaifa ne (endometrium) wanda yake haddasa zubar jini daga gaban mace.

      Zai iya kasancewa mai tsanani amma baya daukar dogon lokaci (acute). Hakanan zai iya zamowa mai tsanani kuma mai daukar dogon lokaci (chronic).

      Mafi yawanci kwayoyin cutar bacteria ne suke kawo shi, musamman wadanda suke kama al'aurar mace bayan ta haihu, ko kuma a lokacin da ake yi mata aikin tiyata a mahaifa ko mara. Bincike ya tabbatar da cewa manyan dalilai masu kawo endometritis sune: 

• Haihuwa (childbirth): idan kwayoyin cutar bacteria suka shiga cikin mahaifa a lokacin da mace take yin nakudar haihuwa, to, zasu iya haddasa mata matsalar endometritis, musamman idan tayi diguwar nakuda (prolonged labour), ko yagewar jakar ruwan mahaifa (amniotic sac rapture), ko yawan duba mata budewar farjinta (multiple vaginal examination - VE).
• Aikin tiyatar cire jariri (caesarian section - CS): macen da akayiwa tiyatar CS sunfi kowa hatsarin kamuwa da endometritis, duk da kasancewar kayan aikin da kuma dakin tiyatar masu matukar tsabta ne. Hakan yana da nasaba da tsanin yawa, naci, da kankantar bacteria din ne.
• Ayyukan tiyatar da suka shafi farji da marar mace (gynaecological procedures): wadannan sun kunshi wankin ciki (dilation and evacuation), aikin duba mahaifa (hysteroscopy), daukar wani abu daga cikin mahaifa domin yin awon wata cuta (endometrial biopsy). Kwayoyin cutar bacteria zasu iya shigar mahaifa a lokacin wadannan ayyukan. 
• Cututtukan da ake dauka a wajen jima'i (sexually transmitted diseases - STDs): wadannan sun kunshi chlamydia, gonorrhea, staphylococcus, da sauransu. Duk suna iya haifar da endometritis idan suka shiga mahaifa.

ALAMUNSA (SYMPTOMS)

 Alamun endometritis sune:

•  Zubar ruwan da mace bata saba gani ba daga gabanta (abnormal vaginal discharge): ruwan zai iya kasancewa mai wari ko karni, sa'annan mai launin ruwan kwai (yellowish) ko ruwan ganye (greenish).
• Ciwon mara (pelvic pain): mace mai matsalar endometritis zata rika fuskantar ciwon mara mai tsanani, kodai mai dadewa bai bari ba ko kuma mai zuwa ya tafi.
• Zazzabi da jin sanyi (fever and chills): shima zai iya zamowa mai tsanani, sa'annan mai zuwa ya tafi ko mai dadewa.
• Jin zafin fitsari ko yawan yin fitsari (dysuria or polyuria): shima zai iya zama mai zuwa ya tafi ko mai dadewa.
• Zubar jini mai yawa lokacin al'ada ko rashin tsayayyar al'ada (heavy or irregular menstrual bleeding): shima zai iya zama mai zuwa ya tafi ko kuma mai dadewa.

 TASIRINSA A JIKIN MACE (EFFECTS)

Idan ba'a magance endometritis ba, zai iya haifar da:

1. Rashin haihuwa (infertility): hakan zai faru ne sakamakon raunana da kuma lalata halittun mara na haihuwa.
2. Taruwar ruwan gunya a cikin mara (pelvic absess): zai iya haifar da gyambo mai tara ruwan gunya a cikin mahaifa. 3. Kumburin dukkan jiki (sepsis): hakan zai iya faruwa ne sakamakon yaduwar kwayoyin cuta a dukkan sassan jiki ta hanyar jijiyoyin jini. 

HANYOYIN RIGAKAFI (PREVENTION)

Za'a iya rigakafin kamuwa da endometritis ta hanyar:

1.  Inganta tsabta a lokacin karbar haihuwa, da lokacin yin tiyatar mahaifa a marar mace, domin kaucewa yaduwar kwayoyin cuta
2. Tsabtace kayan ayyukan tiyata yadda ya kamata. 3. Tabbatar da cewa ma'aurata basu dauke da cututtukan da ake dauka a wajen jima'i.

 MAGANI (TREATMENT)

Hanyar magance endometritis ita ce zuwa asibiti domin likita ya yayi aune-aune kuma ya doraki mace akan maganin antibiotics da ya dace. Idan abin ya ta'azzara, to, sai an kwantar da ita. ✍✍️✍️ By Dr MAKINU LABARAN ALIYU